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. 2024 May 9:12:1362076.
doi: 10.3389/fped.2024.1362076. eCollection 2024.

Association between low birth weight and impaired glucose tolerance in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Jun Ma  1 , Youfang Wang  2 , Mengyan Mo  3 , Zerong Lian  4
Affiliations

Association between low birth weight and impaired glucose tolerance in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Jun Ma et al. Front Pediatr. .

Abstract

Background: A potential association between the onset of diabetes and normal birth weight (NBW) has been discovered. Diverse conclusions and study methodologies exist regarding the connection between low birth weight (LBW) and impaired glucose tolerance in children, underscoring the need for further robust research. Our institution is embarking on this study to thoroughly examine the association between LBW and impaired glucose tolerance in children.

Methods: We conducted searches on Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, EMBASE, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature data (CBM) online database, VIP full-text Database, and Wanfang Database to identify correlation analyses or case-control studies investigating the relationship between LBW and abnormal glucose tolerance in children. The search spanned from January 2010 to September 2023. The quality of observational studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) tool. Data synthesis was performed using the statistical software RevMan 5.3 for meta-analysis.

Results: Based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, we finally included 10 clinical control studies consisting of a total of 2971 cases. There wasn't considerably change in blood sugar levels among LBW, NBW and high birth weight (HBW) infants (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in insulin levels between LBW infants and NBW infants (P > 0.05). The HOMA-IR of LBW infants was considerably higher than that of NBW infants (P < 0.05). The risk of abnormal glucose tolerance in LBW infants was 0.42 times higher than that in NBW and HBW infants [Fisher's Z = 0.42, 95% CI = (0.09, 0.75), P = 0.01].

Conclusion: LBW is associated with an increased risk of abnormal glucose tolerance, as indicated by elevated HOMA-IR level in LBW infants compared to NBW and HBW pediatric population. Further research is needed to confirm and expand upon these findings to better understand the complex relationship between LBW and impaired glucose tolerance in children.

Keywords: abnormal glucose tolerance; diabetes; low birth weight; meta-analysis; newborn.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Illustration of literature screening.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparison of blood glucose levels between normal weight and low birth weight children forest analysis chart F.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Comparison of blood glucose levels between overweight and low birth weight children forest analysis map.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Comparison of insulin levels between normal weight and low birth weight children forest analysis map.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Forest analysis map of HOMA-IR comparison between normal weight and low birth weight children.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Forest analysis map of HOMA-IR comparison between overweight and low birth weight children.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Forest analysis map of the correlation between low birth weight and HOMA-IR.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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