The impact of metabolic disorders on management of periodontal health in children

Abstract

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by plaque biofilm which shares risk factors with systemic chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. Many studies have found increased prevalence and rate of progression of periodontal disease in children with common metabolic disorders. Although the causal relationship and specific mechanism between them has not been determined yet. The aim of this paper is to progress on the impact of metabolic disorders on periodontal health in children and the underlying mechanisms, which provides new evidences for the prevention and intervention of metabolic disorders and periodontitis in children.

Keywords: children; metabolic disorders; periodontal health.

FIGURE 1

The influence of disorders in lipid and glucose metabolism on periodontal inflammation. Leptin and pro‐inflammatory cytokines are released from adipose tissue in obesity to recruit and activate pro‐inflammatory immune cells. These pro‐inflammatory cytokines and immune cells will follow the blood into metabolic organs, such as the liver, causing chronic inflammation and affecting the process of glucose and lipid metabolism. Glucose and free fatty acids in the blood, among others, activate the inflammasome, which releases IL‐1β, creating a highly pro‐inflammatory environment in periodontium. IL‐1 β, interleukin‐1β.