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. 2024 May 4;10(5):331.
doi: 10.3390/jof10050331.

Identification and Pathogenicity of Fusarium Species Associated with Onion Basal Rot in the Moscow Region of Russian Federation

Svetlana Vetrova  1 , Ksenia Alyokhina  1 , Irina Engalycheva  1 , Elena Kozar  1 , Kseniya Mukhina  1 , Maria Sletova  1 , Leonid Krivenkov  1 , Tatyana Tikhonova  1 , Alina Kameneva  1 , Svetlana Frolova  1 , Vera Chizhik  1   2 , Viktor Martynov  2
Affiliations

Identification and Pathogenicity of Fusarium Species Associated with Onion Basal Rot in the Moscow Region of Russian Federation

Svetlana Vetrova et al. J Fungi (Basel). .

Abstract

Fusarium basal rot of onions causes large losses during storage of commercial production of onion bulbs, which in turn adversely affects the food market situation in the off-season period. There are no data on the composition of Fusarium spp., which causes onion basal rot in the Russian Federation. Therefore, our research was aimed at Fusarium spp. causing onion basal rot in the Moscow Region of the Russian Federation and studying the pathogenicity of these species for the host plant. We studied 20 isolates of Fusarium spp. collected from affected mature bulbs and seed bulbs. Species identification of the isolates was carried out using analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the three genetic loci ITS, tef1 and rpb2, as well as was based on the macro- and micromorphological characteristics of these isolates. As a result, the species F. annulatum (F. fujikuroi species complex), F. oxysporum (F. oxysporum species complex), F. acuminatum (F. tricinctum species complex) and F. solani (F. solani species complex) were identified to involve in the pathogenesis of Fusarium basal rot. We have shown for the first time that the species F. annulatum and F. acuminatum are highly aggressive and capable of causing onion basal rot. The predominant species were F. annulatum and F. oxysporum. The proportion of these species in the total number of analyzed isolates was 60% and 25%, respectively. The largest proportion (33%) of highly aggressive on mature bulbs isolates was found in the species F. annulatum. The data obtained provide practical insights for developing strategies to manage Fusarium fungi responsible for onion basal rot Moscow Region of the Russian Federation. In addition, data about species composition and aggressive isolates may be used in onion breeding for resistance to Fusarium basal rot.

Keywords: Allium cepa L.; Fusarium; morphology; pathogenicity; phylogenetic analysis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The symptoms of FBR: (a)—whole mature bulb; (b)—basal plat; (c)—neck; (d)—central part; (e)—seed bulb.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on DNA sequence data of ITS, tef1 and rpb2 loci of Fusarium strains. The bootstrap support values (1000 replicates) are shown at the nodes. The tree was rooted on sequences of Bisifusarium allantoides strain CBS 147587.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The volume of the affected area of portions of succulent scales of onion bulbs on the tenth day after artificial inoculation with strains of different Fusarium species. The values are the mean of five replications of two varieties: «Atas» and «Globus». The combinations of different letters (a–e) next to the bars indicate a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05). Designations of aggressiveness classes: WA—weakly aggressive; MA—moderately aggressive; HA—highly aggressive. The boundaries of these aggressiveness classes are indicated by vertical dotted lines.
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