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. 2024 May 19;14(10):887.
doi: 10.3390/nano14100887.

Construction of Monolayer Ti3C2Tx MXene on Nickel Foam under High Electrostatic Fields for High-Performance Supercapacitors

Liyong Zhang  1 , Jijie Chen  1 , Guangzhi Wei  1 , Han Li  2 , Guanbo Wang  3 , Tongjie Li  1 , Juan Wang  1 , Yehu Jiang  4 , Le Bao  5 , Yongxing Zhang  2
Affiliations

Construction of Monolayer Ti3C2Tx MXene on Nickel Foam under High Electrostatic Fields for High-Performance Supercapacitors

Liyong Zhang et al. Nanomaterials (Basel). .

Abstract

Ti3C2Tx MXene, as a common two-dimensional material, has a wide range of applications in electrochemical energy storage. However, the surface forces of few-layer or monolayer Ti3C2Tx MXene lead to easy agglomeration, which hinders the demonstration of its performance due to the characteristics of layered materials. Herein, we report a facile method for preparing monolayer Ti3C2Tx MXene on nickel foam to achieve a self-supporting structure for supercapacitor electrodes under high electrostatic fields. Moreover, the specific capacitance varies with the deposition of different-concentration monolayer Ti3C2Tx MXene on nickel foam. As a result, Ti3C2Tx/NF has a high specific capacitance of 319 mF cm-2 at 2 mA cm-2 and an excellent long-term cycling stability of 94.4% after 7000 cycles. It was observed that the areal specific capacitance increases, whereas the mass specific capacitance decreases with the increasing loading mass. Attributable to the effect of the high electrostatic field, the self-supporting structure of the Ti3C2Tx/NF becomes denser as the concentration of the monolayer Ti3C2Tx MXene ink increases, ultimately affecting its electrochemical performance. This work provides a simple way to overcome the agglomeration problem of few-layer or monolayer MXene, then form a self-supporting electrode exhibiting excellent electrochemical performance.

Keywords: electrostatic spray deposition; high electrostatic fields; monolayer Ti3C2Tx MXene; self-supporting electrode; supercapacitor.

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Conflict of interest statement

Author Guanbo Wang was employed by Jiangsu Zhonggong High-End Equipment Research Institute Co., Ltd. Author Yehu Jiang was employed by Anhui Zhongxin Technology Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a,b) Schematic diagram of preparation of monolayer Ti3C2Tx MXene ink and self-supporting electrode of Ti3C2Tx/NF.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) XRD patterns of Ti3C2Tx/NF-1.0, Ti3C2Tx/NF-2.0, and Ti3C2Tx/NF-3.0 electrodes and NF. (b–d) Deconvolution of Mo 3d, C 1s, and O 1s spectra for Ti3C2Tx/NF-2.0 electrode.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a–f) SEM images of Ti3C2Tx/NF-1.0, Ti3C2Tx/NF-2.0, and Ti3C2Tx/NF-3.0 electrodes.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a–c) TEM image, HRTEM image, and EDX result of monolayer Ti3C2Tx MXene.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) The cycle voltammogram (CV) curves of the Ti3C2Tx/NF-1.0, Ti3C2Tx/NF-2.0, and Ti3C2Tx/NF-3.0 electrodes for areal specific capacitance at 20 mV s−1. (b) The CV curves of the Ti3C2Tx/NF-1.0, Ti3C2Tx/NF-2.0, and Ti3C2Tx/NF-3.0 electrodes for mass specific capacitance at 20 mV s−1. (c) The loading mass of the Ti3C2Tx/NF-1.0, Ti3C2Tx/NF-2.0, and Ti3C2Tx/NF-3.0 electrodes. (d) The galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) curves of the Ti3C2Tx/NF-1.0, Ti3C2Tx/NF-2.0, and Ti3C2Tx/NF-3.0 electrodes at 2 mA cm−2. (e,f) The performance rates of the Ti3C2Tx/NF-1.0, Ti3C2Tx/NF-2.0, and Ti3C2Tx/NF-3.0 electrodes. (g) The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) curves of the Ti3C2Tx/NF-1.0, Ti3C2Tx/NF-2.0, and Ti3C2Tx/NF-3.0 electrodes. (h) The capacitance retention of Ti3C2Tx/NF-2.0 after 7000 cycles at 20 mA cm−2.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) b-value for the Ti3C2Tx/NF-2.0 electrode. (b,c) CV partition analysis showing the capacitive contribution to the total current at select scan rates of 30 and 100 mV s−1. (d) Na+ ion diffusion mechanism diagram for the Ti3C2Tx/NF-2.0 electrode.
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