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. 2024 May 2;11(5):143.
doi: 10.3390/jcdd11050143.

Association between Abdominal Aortic Calcification and Coronary Heart Disease in Essential Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Lan He  1 , Xu Li  1 , E Shen  2 , Yong-Ming He  1
Affiliations

Association between Abdominal Aortic Calcification and Coronary Heart Disease in Essential Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Lan He et al. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. .

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in essential hypertension (EH).

Methods: This study included patients diagnosed with EH during the 2013-2014 NHANES survey cycle. The study cohort was categorized into the following four groups based on their AAC-24 score: no AAC (0); mild AAC (1-4); moderate AAC (5-15); and severe AAC (16-24). Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between AAC and CHD. Restricted cubic spline curves (RCS) were used to explore possible nonlinear relationships between AAC and CHD.

Results: The prevalence of CHD was found to be higher in the moderate AAC and severe AAC groups than in the group without AAC (40.1% versus 30.9%, 47.7% versus 30.9%). On a continuous scale, the fully adjusted model showed a 7% increase in the risk of CHD prevalence per score increase in AAC [OR (95% CI) = 1.07 (1.03-1.11)]. On a categorical scale, the fully adjusted model showed the risk of CHD prevalence in EH patients with moderate AAC and severe AAC was 2.06 (95%CI, 1.23-3.45) and 2.18 (1.09-5.25) times higher than that in patients without AAC, respectively. The RCS curve suggested a dose-response linear relationship between AAC and CHD.

Conclusion: These findings highlight that in patients with EH, a higher severity of AAC is associated with a higher risk of CHD prevalence.

Keywords: abdominal aortic calcification; coronary heart disease; essential hypertension.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of participant selection. Abbreviations: EH = essential hypertension; AAC = abdominal aortic calcification; and CHD = coronary heart disease.
Figure 2
Figure 2
RCS curves for examining the nonlinear relationship between AAC score and CHD.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The results showed the OR (95% CI) of moderate AAC in different subgroups when without AAC was used as a reference. Subgroup analysis was adjusted for all variables as shown in Model 4 in Table 2. Abbreviations: OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; and P-int = P-interaction.
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