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Review
. 2024 May 10;12(5):351.
doi: 10.3390/toxics12050351.

Recovery of Ag(I) from Wastewater by Adsorption: Status and Challenges

Qiang Wang  1   2 , Mengling Li  1   2 , Meng Xi  1   2 , Mengyuan Zhao  1   2 , Xiaotong Wang  1   2 , Xiaoyu Chen  1   2 , Lin Ding  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Recovery of Ag(I) from Wastewater by Adsorption: Status and Challenges

Qiang Wang et al. Toxics. .

Abstract

Untreated or inadequately treated silver-containing wastewater may pose adverse effects on hu-man health and the ecological environment. Currently, significant progress has been made in the treatment of Ag(I) in wastewater using adsorption methods, with adsorbents playing a pivotal role in this process. This paper provides a systematic review of various adsorbents for the recovery and treatment of Ag(I) in wastewater, including MOFs, COFs, transition metal sulfides, metal oxides, biomass materials, and other polymeric materials. The adsorption mechanisms of these materials for Ag(I) are elaborated upon, along with the challenges currently faced. Furthermore, insights into optimizing adsorbents and developing novel adsorbents are proposed in this study.

Keywords: Ag(I); adsorbent optimization; adsorbents; adsorption mechanism.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) The bond length of Ag−N, Pb−N, and Fe−N on L−PRL. (b) Atomic charges of L−PRL and protonated L−PRL by theoretical calculations. (c) The adsorption mechanism of Ag(I) by TCP. (d) Effect of metal ion concentrations on the competitive adsorption of Ag (I) and Cu (II) by TCP [56,68].
Figure 1
Figure 1
Different adsorbents for the adsorption of Ag(I).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Adsorption mechanism of Ag(I) by different adsorbents.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) Synthesis of UiO−66−Rdi−s and UiO−66−Rdp−m. (b) Competitive adsorption of coexisting metal ions. (c) The optimized adsorption configurations and adsorption energy of Ag(I) on S sites. The adsoption mechanism of Ag(I) by (d) UiO−66−MAc. (e) COF−SH [4,20,65].
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) Possible sorption mechanism during Mo3S13− LDH adsorbing heavy metal ions of Ag(I), Cu(II), and Hg(II). (b) The reductive sorption mechanism of Ag(I) onto the COF−LZU1. (c) The adsorption capacity of MoOx for Ag(I), (d) the adsorption selectivity, (e) and the XRD after adsorption of Ag(I). (f) Free energy of intermediary process of the reduction deposition for Ag(I) on MoOx and MoOx−Ag (rate−determining step, RDS) (g) and Ag(I) reduction deposition on MoOx and MoOx−Ag. The insets show the optimized MoOx and intermediates on MoOx−Ag [21,70,71].
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) Schematic illustration of synthetic route for Fe3O4@UiO−66−NH2/CTS−PEI hydrogel. (b) (c) The adsorption kinetics for Ag(I) on Fe3O4@UiO−66−NH2/CTS−PEI hydrogel. (c) SEM images for surface morphologies of Dt (upper left); CuS nanoparticles (upper right); and CuS/Dt−P (low right and left). (d) Adsorption isotherm of CuS/Dt−P for Ag(I). (e) Fabrication of the SA@MoS2/rGO/MF and (f) effect of MoS2 addition amount on the adsorption performance of MoS2/rGO/MF [91,92,93].
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) Recovery of MoO42− using different concentrations of NH3·H2O (0.1–0.4 M). (b) Removal efficiency of the regenerated amorphous MoOx for Ag(I). (c) Schematics of closed−loop recovery of metallic Ag [71].
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