Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Editorial
. 2024 May 14;13(5):602.
doi: 10.3390/antiox13050602.

Cellular ROS and Antioxidants: Physiological and Pathological Role

Andrey V Kozlov  1 , Sabzali Javadov  2 , Natascha Sommer  3
Affiliations
Editorial

Cellular ROS and Antioxidants: Physiological and Pathological Role

Andrey V Kozlov et al. Antioxidants (Basel). .

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive oxygen derivatives that include free radicals such as superoxide anion radical (O2•-) and hydroxyl radical (HO•), as well as non-radical molecules hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxynitrite (ONOO-), and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) [...].

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The main ROS generation pathways in cellular environments. See text for details. Abbreviations: GPX, glutathione peroxidase; GSH, reduced glutathione; GSSG, glutathione disulfide; M(n) and O = M(n + 1), reduced and oxidized metalloprotein; MPO, myeloperoxidase; PRDX, peroxiredoxin; SOD, superoxide dismutase; Trx(SH2) and TrxS2, reduced and oxidized thioredoxin.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Intracellular sources of ROS and consequences of oxidative stress. See text for details. Abbreviations: NOS, nitric oxide synthase; NOX, NADPH oxidases; XO, xanthine oxidase.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Martinez M.C., Andriantsitohaina R. Reactive nitrogen species: Molecular mechanisms and potential significance in health and disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 2009;11:669–702. doi: 10.1089/ars.2007.1993. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Javadov S., Kozlov A.V., Camara A.K.S. Mitochondria in Health and Diseases. Cells. 2020;9:1177. doi: 10.3390/cells9051177. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Chapa-Dubocq X.R., Rodriguez-Graciani K.M., Escobales N., Javadov S. Mitochondrial Volume Regulation and Swelling Mechanisms in Cardiomyocytes. Antioxidants. 2023;12:1517. doi: 10.3390/antiox12081517. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Daiber A., Di Lisa F., Oelze M., Kroller-Schon S., Steven S., Schulz E., Munzel T. Crosstalk of mitochondria with NADPH oxidase via reactive oxygen and nitrogen species signalling and its role for vascular function. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2017;174:1670–1689. doi: 10.1111/bph.13403. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Dikalova A., Clempus R., Lassegue B., Cheng G., McCoy J., Dikalov S., San Martin A., Lyle A., Weber D.S., Weiss D., et al. Nox1 overexpression potentiates angiotensin II-induced hypertension and vascular smooth muscle hypertrophy in transgenic mice. Circulation. 2005;112:2668–2676. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.538934. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources