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Comparative Study
. 2024 May 14;25(10):5328.
doi: 10.3390/ijms25105328.

Comparison of Antimicrobial Properties of Graphene Oxide-Based Materials, Carbon Dots, and Their Combinations Deposited on Cotton Fabrics

Zakhar Ivanovich Evseev  1 , Lidia Andreevna Tarasova  2 , Fedora Dmitrievna Vasilieva  1 , Marfa Nikitichna Egorova  1 , Petr Stanislavovich Dmitriev  1 , Yana Aleksandrovna Akhremenko  2 , Svetlana Afanasyevna Smagulova  1
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Comparison of Antimicrobial Properties of Graphene Oxide-Based Materials, Carbon Dots, and Their Combinations Deposited on Cotton Fabrics

Zakhar Ivanovich Evseev et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

The rise in the antibiotic resistance of bacteria has increased scientific interest in the study of materials with unique mechanisms of antimicrobial action. This paper presents the results of studies on the antimicrobial activity of carbon materials and textiles decorated with them. A comparative analysis of the bactericidal and fungicidal activities of graphene oxide, electrochemically exfoliated multigraphene, carbon dots, and their combinations was performed. Microbiological studies on reference strains of E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans showed that graphene oxide inhibited growth with up to 98% efficiency. Electrochemically exfoliated multigraphene was less effective (up to 40%). This study found no significant antimicrobial activity of carbon dots and the combination of carbon dots with graphene oxide significantly weakened their effectiveness. However, the combination of electrochemically exfoliated multigraphene and carbon dots exhibits a synergistic effect (up to 76%). A study on the antimicrobial activity of decorated cotton textiles demonstrated the effectiveness of antimicrobial textiles with graphene oxide, electrochemically exfoliated multigraphene, and a combination of carbon dots with electrochemically exfoliated multigraphene.

Keywords: antimicrobial nanomaterials; antimicrobial textiles; carbon dots; electrochemically exfoliated multigraphene; graphene oxide.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Raman spectra of GO, MOG, and CDs.
Figure 2
Figure 2
IR spectra of (a) GO and MOG and (b) CDs.
Figure 3
Figure 3
AFM images of (a) MOG; (b) GO; and (c) CDs.
Figure 4
Figure 4
SEM images of cotton fibers at ×1000 magnification with deposited (a) pristine cotton fabrics; (b) GO; (c) MOG; (d) CD; (e) GO/CDs; and (f) MOG/CDs.
Figure 4
Figure 4
SEM images of cotton fibers at ×1000 magnification with deposited (a) pristine cotton fabrics; (b) GO; (c) MOG; (d) CD; (e) GO/CDs; and (f) MOG/CDs.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Survival rate (%) of microorganisms after 24 h of incubation with carbon nanomaterials.
Figure 6
Figure 6
SEM images of test cultures of S. aureus dried on the SiO2 surface after 24 h of incubation with (a) the control; (b) GO; (c) MOG; (d) CD; (e) GO/CDs; and(f) MOG/CDs.
Figure 7
Figure 7
SEM images of test cultures of E. coli dried on the SiO2 surface after 24 h of incubation with (a) the control; (b) GO; (c) MOG; (d) CD; (e) GO/CDs; and (f) MOG/CDs.
Figure 7
Figure 7
SEM images of test cultures of E. coli dried on the SiO2 surface after 24 h of incubation with (a) the control; (b) GO; (c) MOG; (d) CD; (e) GO/CDs; and (f) MOG/CDs.
Figure 8
Figure 8
SEM images of test cultures of C. albicans dried on the SiO2 surface after 24 h of incubation with (a) the control; (b) GO; (c) MOG; (d) CD; (e) GO/CDs; and (f) MOG/CDs.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Cotton textile samples coated with carbon nanomaterials before and after 10 washing cycles.
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