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Review
. 2024 May 10;13(10):2823.
doi: 10.3390/jcm13102823.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Manganism: A Narrative Review and Laboratory Recommendations

Michal Majewski  1 , Karolina Piwko  1 , Michal Ordak  1 , Elzbieta Muszynska  2 , Tadeusz Nasierowski  3 , Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrozny  1
Affiliations
Review

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Manganism: A Narrative Review and Laboratory Recommendations

Michal Majewski et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

In recent years, a series of articles has been published concerning magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in a group of patients exposed to manganism, specifically factory workers, welders, and individuals with liver diseases, as well as those abusing home-produced ephedrone. Some potential symptoms of manganese toxicity include motor disturbances, neurocognitive problems, sleep disorders, and psychosocial changes. Despite various publications on MRI research in individuals with an elevated risk of manganism, there is a noticeable absence of a comprehensive review in this field. The detection of the accumulation of manganese in the brain through MRI can confirm the diagnosis and guide appropriate treatment. Due to the high cost of determining manganese ion levels in biological material, an additional aim of the manuscript was to identify simple medical laboratory parameters that, when performed concurrently with MRI, could assist in the diagnosis of manganism. Among these types of parameters are the levels of bilirubin, magnesium, liver enzymes, creatinine, hemoglobin, and hematocrit.

Keywords: magnetic resonance imaging; manganese; manganism.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A picture depicting the exposed population, risk factors, potential toxicities of manganese, and MRI findings.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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