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Review
. 2024 Apr 25;14(5):548.
doi: 10.3390/life14050548.

Role of Ectopic Olfactory Receptors in the Regulation of the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Axis

Mitchell R Beito  1 , Sadia Ashraf  1 , Dorcas Odogwu  1 , Romain Harmancey  1
Affiliations
Review

Role of Ectopic Olfactory Receptors in the Regulation of the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Axis

Mitchell R Beito et al. Life (Basel). .

Abstract

Olfactory receptors (ORs) represent one of the largest yet least investigated families of G protein-coupled receptors in mammals. While initially believed to be functionally restricted to the detection and integration of odors at the olfactory epithelium, accumulating evidence points to a critical role for ectopically expressed ORs in the regulation of cellular homeostasis in extranasal tissues. This review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge on the expression and physiological functions of ectopic ORs in the cardiovascular system, kidneys, and primary metabolic organs and emphasizes how altered ectopic OR signaling in those tissues may impact cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health.

Keywords: G protein-coupled receptor; cardiovascular; heart disease; kidney; metabolism; olfactory receptor.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Biological effects of ectopic olfactory receptors expressed in cells of the cardiovascular system. AAA, abdominal aortic aneurysm; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cardiovascular and metabolic disorders modify cardiac olfactory receptor expression. Clockwise from left to right: qPCR array screening revealed that 38 OR genes are differentially regulated in the human left ventricle in response to heart failure caused by ischemic heart disease; see ref. [71] for details. Up-regulation of OR51E2 (Olfr78) in the left ventricles of C57BL/6 male mice subjected to 21 days of pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC); * p < 0.05. Up-regulation of OR51E2 (Olfr78) in the hearts of hyperglycemic male ob/ob mice and streptozotocin (STZ)-treated male Sprague Dawley rats; WT, C57BL/6 wild type mice; Ctrl, vehicle-treated control rats; * p < 0.05.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Biological effects of ectopic olfactory receptors expressed in the kidney. SGLT-1, sodium-glucose cotransporter 1.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Regulation of pancreatic hormone and incretin secretion by ectopic olfactory receptors. GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Regulation of hepatic and white adipose tissue metabolic processes by ectopic olfactory receptors.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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