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. 2024 May 13;16(5):774.
doi: 10.3390/v16050774.

Prevalence, Time of Infection, and Diversity of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in China

Chaosi Li  1 , Aihua Fan  1 , Zhicheng Liu  2   3 , Gang Wang  4 , Lei Zhou  5   6 , Hongliang Zhang  7 , Lv Huang  1 , Jianfeng Zhang  2 , Zhendong Zhang  8 , Yan Zhang  9
Affiliations

Prevalence, Time of Infection, and Diversity of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in China

Chaosi Li et al. Viruses. .

Abstract

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRVS) is a major swine viral pathogen that affects the pig industry worldwide. Control of early PRRSV infection is essential, and different types of PRRSV-positive samples can reflect the time point of PRRSV infection. This study aims to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of PRRSV in China from Q4 2021 to Q4 2022, which will be beneficial for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)control in the swine production industry in the future. A total of 7518 samples (of processing fluid, weaning serum, and oral fluid) were collected from 100 intensive pig farms in 21 provinces, which covered all five pig production regions in China, on a quarterly basis starting from the fourth quarter of 2021 and ending on the fourth quarter of 2022. Independent of sample type, 32.1% (2416/7518) of the total samples were PCR-positive for PRRSV, including 73.6% (1780/2416) samples that were positive for wild PRRSV, and the remaining were positive for PRRSV vaccine strains. On the basis of the time of infection, 58.9% suckling piglets (processing fluid) and 30.8% weaning piglets (weaning serum) showed PRRSV infection at an early stage (approximately 90% of the farms). The sequencing analysis results indicate a wide range of diverse PRRSV wild strains in China, with lineage 1 as the dominant strain. Our study clearly demonstrates the prevalence, infection stage, and diversity of PRRSV in China. This study provides useful data for the epidemiological understanding of PRRSV, which can contribute to the strategic and systematic prevention and control of PRRSV in China.

Keywords: PRRSV; prevalence; three-sample strategy; time of infection; wild strain diversity.

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Conflict of interest statement

C.L., A.F., and L.H. were employed by Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. The rest of the authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The geographical locations of the farm sample batches.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Results of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) polymerase chain reaction (PCR)s from Q4 2021 to Q4 2022. (a) Number and percentage of total, PRRSV PCR-positive, and wild PRRSV PCR-positive reactions. (b) Number and percentage of total, PRRSV PCR-positive, and wild PRRSV PCR-positive farm batches.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Number and percentage of wild PRRSV PCR-positive farm batch-based samples in each of the five production regions.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) The total/wild PRRSV PCR-positive rates of the processing fluid samples in each quarter. (b) The total/wild PRRSV PCR-positive rates of the weaning serum samples in each quarter. (c) The total/wild PRRSV PCR-positive rates of the oral fluid samples from 8–10-week-old piglets in each quarter.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The timing of PRRSV infection determined using the three-sample strategy.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) Phylogenetic analysis of the 390 ORF5 mono-PRRSV-2 infection-positive samples in China during Q4 2021 to Q4 2022. (b) Prevalence rate of the PRRSV strains by samples. (c) Prevalence rate of the PRRSV strains by farm batches.
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