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. 2024 May 15;16(10):1403.
doi: 10.3390/polym16101403.

Differential Studies on the Structure of Lignin-Carbohydrate Complexes (LCC) in Alkali-Extracted Plant Hemicelluloses

Shuyu Pang  1 , Xin Wang  1 , Jiali Pu  1 , Chen Liang  1 , Shuangquan Yao  1 , Chengrong Qin  1
Affiliations

Differential Studies on the Structure of Lignin-Carbohydrate Complexes (LCC) in Alkali-Extracted Plant Hemicelluloses

Shuyu Pang et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

Hemicellulose extracted by alkali treatment is of interest because of the advantages of its intact sugar structure and high degree of polymerization. However, the hemicellulose extracted by alkali treatment contained more lignin fragments and the presence of a lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC), which affected the isolation and purification of hemicellulose and its comprehensive utilization. Therefore, the evaluation of the LCC structure of different types of lignocellulosic resources is of great significance. In this study, the LCC structures of hardwoods and Gramineae were enriched in alkaline systems. Information on the composition, structural proportions, and connection patterns of LCC samples was discussed. The similarities and differences between the LCC structures of different units of raw materials were comparatively studied. The results indicated that the monosaccharide fractions were higher in the LCC of Gramineae compared to hardwoods. The composition of the lignin fraction was dominated by G and S units. The phenyl glycosidic (PhGlc) bond is the predominant LCC linkage under alkali-stabilized conditions. In addition, Gramineae PhGlc types are more numerous compared to hardwoods. The results of the study provide insights into the differences in the chemical composition and structural features of LCC in different plants and provide important guidance for the optimization of the process of purifying hemicellulose.

Keywords: Gramineae; alkaline environment; lignin–carbohydrate complex (LCC); phenyl glycosidic bonds.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Main types of LC bonding. (PhGlc = phenyl glycosides, BE = benzyl ethers, GE = γ-esters, FE = ferulate esters, CE = conmarate esters).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Ratio of each sugar component to xylose and yield of xylose.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The 2D-NMR side-chain spectra under different plant LCC conditions. (a). LCC-Bag; (b). LCC-Bam; (c). LCC-Corn; (d). LCC-Aca; (e). LCC-Euc.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The 2D-NMR lignin fractions under different plant LCC conditions. (a). LCC-Bag; (b). LCC-Bam; (c). LCC-Corn; (d). LCC-Aca; (e). LCC-Euc; S: syringyl units; G: guaiacyl units; H: p-hydroxyphenyl units; FA: ferulate substructures; PCA: p-coumarate substructures.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The 2D-NMR phenyl glycoside bonds under different plant LCC conditions. (a). LCC-Bag; (b). LCC-Bam; (c). LCC-Corn; (d). LCC-Aca; (e). LCC-Euc.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The 2D-NMR BE components under different plant LCC conditions. (a). LCC-Bag; (b). LCC-Bam; (c). LCC-Corn; (d). LCC-Aca; (e). LCC-Euc.
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