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. 2024 May 9;10(10):e30611.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30611. eCollection 2024 May 30.

Valorizing fungal diversity for the degradation of fluoroquinolones

Imen Akrout  1   2 , Karima Staita  1   2 , Hèla Zouari-Mechichi  1 , Bouthaina Ghariani  1 , Marwa Khmaissa  1 , David Navarro  2 , Annick Doan  2 , Quentin Albert  2 , Craig Faulds  2 , Giuliano Sciara  2 , Eric Record  2 , Tahar Mechichi  1
Affiliations

Valorizing fungal diversity for the degradation of fluoroquinolones

Imen Akrout et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Continued widespread use of antibiotics, especially fluoroquinolones, raises environmental concerns, as its driving bacterial resistance and disrupts microbial ecosystems. Here we investigate the biodegradation of ten fluoroquinolone antibiotics (six for medical use and four for veterinary use) by ligninolytic fungi, including Trametes versicolor, Bjerkandera adusta, Porosterum spadiceum, Irpex lacteus, Pleuroteus ostreatus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, Ganoderma lucidum, and Gloeophyllum trabeum. The results show significant variations between strains in the efficiency of antibiotic transformation. B. adusta and P. spadiceum were the fungi that most efficiently reduced antibiotic concentrations and were able to totally degrade eight and six antibiotics, respectively, within a 15-day period. T. versicolor and P. ostreatus also showed the ability to effectively degrade antibiotics. Specifically, T. versicolor degraded six out of the ten fluoroquinolone antibiotics by more than 70 %, while P. ostreatus degraded the tested antibiotics between 43 % and 100 %. The remaining antibiotic activity did not always correlate with a reduction in antibiotic concentrations, which points to the presence of post-transformation antimicrobial metabolites. This study also explores the potential mechanisms used by these fungi to remove selected models of fluroquinolones via enzymatic routes, such as oxidation by laccases, heme-peroxidases, and cytochrome P450, or via adsorption on fungal biomass.

Keywords: Cytochrome P450; Fluoroquinolones; Laccase; Ligninolytic fungi; Peroxidase.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Image 1
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Heatmap profile of biodegradation performance: (A) Percent decrease in residual concentration (HPLC), and (B) percent decrease in antimicrobial activity (antibiogram) after 15 days of culture, plotted by strain tested. Each datapoint (mean ± standard deviation) is the result of duplicate experiments.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Comparative analysis of extracellular activity after 7 days of fungal culture with various strains: (A) strains with peroxidase-like activity (nkat/mL), and (B) strains with laccase-like activity (nkat/mL). Each datapoint (mean ± standard deviation) is the result of duplicate experiments.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Impact of cytochrome P450 system inhibitor on antibiotic degradation by Bjerkandera adusta: (A) percent decrease in residual concentration (by HPLC), and (B) percent decreases in antimicrobial activity (antibiogram). Each datapoint (mean ± standard deviation) is the result of triplicate experiments.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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