Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Aug 26;28(3):471-482.
doi: 10.5935/1518-0557.20240033.

Omega 3 fatty acids preserve testicular function by ameliorating BPF-induced dysthyroidism: role of p53/Bcl-2 signaling and proton pump activities

Adeyemi Fatai Odetayo  1   2 , Luqman Aribidesi Olayaki  1
Affiliations

Omega 3 fatty acids preserve testicular function by ameliorating BPF-induced dysthyroidism: role of p53/Bcl-2 signaling and proton pump activities

Adeyemi Fatai Odetayo et al. JBRA Assist Reprod. .

Abstract

Objective: Bisphenol F (BPF) is an endocrinedisrupting chemical, but information about its effect on thyroid hormones has not been fully explored. Omega 3 fatty acids (O3FA), on the other hand, are antioxidant and antiapoptotic agents. Therefore, this study explored the role and associated molecular mechanism of O3FA in BPF-induced hypothyroidism-mediated testicular dysfunction in male Wistar rats.

Methods: Twenty (20) male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups (n=5/group), namely: the control group; the BPF treated group (30 mg/kg of BPF); and the intervention groups (30mg/kg BPF + 100mg/kg O3FA (BPF+O3FA-L) and 30mg/kg BPF + 300mg/kg of O3FA for 28 days).

Results: Low and high doses of O3FA ameliorated BPF-induced hypothyroidism-mediated reduction in sperm quality, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, catalase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and increases in estrogen, malondialdehyde, c-reactive protein, interleukin 1 beta, caspase 3. Furthermore, O3FA prevented BPF-induced Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase dysfunction, estrogen receptor beta overexpression, and tumor protein P53 (p53)/ b-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) imbalance.

Conclusions: This study showed that O3FA ameliorated BPF-induced dysthyroidism-mediated testicular dysfunction by preventing proton pump dysfunction and p53/BCl-2 imbalance.

Keywords: apoptosis; bisphenol F; hypothyroidism; omega 3 fatty acid; p53/BCl-2 signaling; proton pump.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effect of omega 3 fatty acids on (a) sperm count (b) motility (c) morphology in BPF-exposed rats. a. p<0 .05 versus control, b. p<0.05 versus BPF, c. p<0.05 versus BPF + O3FA-L using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for pairwise comparison. BPF: Bisphenol F, O3FA-L: omega-3 fatty acid low dose, O3FA-H: omega-3 fatty acid high dose.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of omega 3 fatty acids on serum (a) thyroxine (b) triiodothyronine (c) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (d) luteinizing hormone (LH) (e) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (f) testosterone (g) estradiol in BPF-exposed rats. a. p<0.05 versus control, b. p<0.05 versus BPF, c. p<0.05 versus BPF + O3FA-L using oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for pairwise comparison. BPF: Bisphenol F, O3FA-L: omega-3 fatty acid low dose, O3FA-H: omega-3 fatty acid high dose.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effect of omega 3 fatty acids on testicular (a) malondialdehyde (MDA) (b) catalase (CAT) (c) superoxide dismutase (SOD) (d) total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (e) nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (nrf2) in BPF-exposed rats. a. p<0.05 versus control, b. p<0.05 versus BPF, c. p<0.05 versus BPF + O3FA-L using oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for pairwise comparison. BPF: Bisphenol F, O3FA-L: omega-3 fatty acid low dose, O3FA-H: omega-3 fatty acid high dose.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of omega 3 fatty acids on testicular (a) interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) (b) c-reactive protein (CRP) in BPF-exposed rats. a. p<0.05 versus control, b. p<0.05 versus BPF, c. p<0.05 versus BPF + O3FA-L using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for pairwise comparison. BPF: Bisphenol F, O3FA-L: omega-3 fatty acid low dose, O3FA-H: omega-3 fatty acid high dose.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effect of omega 3 fatty acids on testicular caspase 3 in BPF-exposed rats. a. p<0.05 versus control, b. p<0.05 versus BPF, c. p<0.05 versus BPF + O3FA-L using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for pairwise comparison. BPF: Bisphenol F, O3FA-L: omega-3 fatty acid low dose, O3FA-H: omega-3 fatty acid high dose.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effect of omega 3 fatty acids on testicular (a) sodium-potassium ATPase (Na-K ATPase) (b) calcium ATPase (Ca-ATPase) in BPF-exposed rats. a. p<0.05 versus control, b. p<0.05 versus BPF, c. p<0.05 versus BPF + O3FA-L using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for pairwise comparison. BPF: Bisphenol F, O3FA-L: omega-3 fatty acid low dose, O3FA-H: omega-3 fatty acid high dose.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Effect of omega 3 fatty acids on testicular estrogen receptor beta (ER β) in BPF-exposed rats. a. p<0.05 versus control, b. p<0.05 versus BPF, c. p<0.05 versus BPF + O3FA-L using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for pairwise comparison. BPF: Bisphenol F, O3FA-L: omega-3 fatty acid low dose, O3FA-H: omega-3 fatty acid high dose.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Effect of omega 3 fatty acids on testicular tumor protein p53 (p53) in BPF-exposed rats. a. p<0.05 versus control, b. p<0.05 versus BPF, c. p<0.05 versus BPF + O3FA-L using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for pairwise comparison. BPF: Bisphenol F, O3FA-L: omega-3 fatty acid low dose, O3FA-H: omega-3 fatty acid high dose.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Effect of omega 3 fatty acids on testicular B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCl-2) in BPF-exposed rats. a. p<0.05 versus control, b. p<0.05 versus BPF, c. p<0.05 versus BPF + O3FA-L using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for pairwise comparison. BPF: Bisphenol F, O3FA-L: omega-3 fatty acid low dose, O3FA-H: omega-3 fatty acid high dose.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Abd Allah ES, Gomaa AM, Sayed MM. The effect of omega-3 on cognition in hypothyroid adult male rats. Acta Physiol Hung. 2014;101:362–376. doi: 10.1556/APhysiol.101.2014.3.11. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Abdel-Baky ES, Radwan SA, Ibrahim MF, Abdel-Rahman ON. Influence of omega-3 fatty acids, soya isoflavones and their combination for abrogating carbon tetrachloride hazards in male rats. Braz J Biol. 2023;84:e266024–e266024. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.266024. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Adeyemi WJ, Olayaki LA. Diclofenac-induced hepatotoxicity: Low dose of omega-3 fatty acids have more protective effects. Toxicol Rep. 2017;5:90–95. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.12.002. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Afolabi OA, Hamed MA, Anyogu DC, Adeyemi DH, Odetayo AF, Akhigbe RE. Atorvastatin-mediated downregulation of VCAM-1 and XO/UA/caspase 3 signaling averts oxidative damage and apoptosis induced by ovarian ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Redox Rep. 2022a;27:212–220. doi: 10.1080/13510002.2022.2129192. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Afolabi OA, Anyogu DC, Hamed MA, Odetayo AF, Adeyemi DH, Akhigbe RE. Glutamine prevents upregulation of NF-kB signaling and caspase 3 activation in ischaemia/reperfusion-induced testicular damage: An animal model. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022b;150:113056–113056. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113056. - DOI - PubMed

Substances