Behavioral and electrophysiological study in Colossoma macropomum treated with different concentrations of Nepeta cataria oil in an immersion bath revealed a therapeutic window for anesthesia

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to characterize the activity of essential oils from Nepeta Cataria (EON) at concentrations of 125 $\mu \text{L}$ L-1, 150 $\mu \text{L}$ L-1, 175 $\mu \text{L}$ L-1, and 200 $\mu \text{L}$ L-1 on the behavior of loss of the posture reflex and recovery of the posture reflex and electrocardiographic activity and recording of the opercular beat of Colossoma macropomum during immersion bathing for a period of 5 min, in order to obtain a window for safe use during anesthesia. The fish (23.38 ± 3.5 g) were assigned to the following experiments: experiment 1 (latency to loss and recovery of the posture reflex): (a) 125 $\mu \text{L}$ L-1, (b) 150 $\mu \text{L}$ L-1, (c) 175 $\mu \text{L}$ L-1, and (d) 200 $\mu \text{L}$ L-1 (n = 9) per group. Experiment 2 (electrocardiographic and heartbeat recordings): (a) control group; (b) vehicle control group (2 ml of alcohol per liter of water), (c) 125 $\mu \text{L}$ L-1, (d) 150 $\mu \text{L}$ L-1, (e) 175 $\mu \text{L}$ L-1, and (f) 200 $\mu \text{L}$ L-1 (n = 9), per group. All the concentrations used showed efficacy in inducing loss of the posture reflex and reversibility with recovery of the posture reflex, but the electrocardiographic recordings indicated morphographic changes such as bradycardia during induction and p wave apiculation during recovery at the highest concentrations tested. In this way, we suggest a safe use window for short-term anesthesia with EON in the concentration range of 125 to 150 $\mu \text{L}$ L-1 for juvenile Colossoma macropomum.

Keywords: Electrocardiogram; Monitoring; Natural products; Tambaqui.