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. 2022 Sep 11;63(2):98-111.
eCollection 2022 Mar-Apr.

Carotid and Vertebral Atherosclerosis in West African Stroke Patients: Findings from the Stroke Investigative Research and Education Network

Adeleye Omisore  1 , Godwin Ogbole  2 , Atinuke Agunloye  2 , Joshua Akinyemi  2 , Albert Akpalu  3 , Fred Sarfo  4 , Onoja Akpa  2 , Mulugeta Gebregziabher  5 , Oyedunni Arulogun  2 , Morenikeji Komolafe  1 , Kolawole Wahab  6 , Carolyn Jenkins  7 , Godwin Osaigbovo  8 , Reginald Obiako  9 , Luqman Owolabi  10 , Adekunle Fakunle  2 , Joyce Ikubor  11 , Abdul Salaam  8 , Olusola Famurewa  1 , Oladimeji Adebayo  2 , Christianah Asaleye  1 , Cynthia Akisanya  12 , Eunice Olabinri  13 , Adedeji Egberongbe  14 , Michael Fawale  1 , Samuel Olowookere  1 , Lucius Imoh  8 , Osi Adeleye  12 , Richard Efidi  2 , Hemant Tiwari  15 , Yaw Mensah  3 , Benedict Calys-Tagoe  3 , Adeseye Akintunde  16 , Luqman Ogunjimi  2 , Obiabo Olugbo  11 , Mayowa Aridegbe  12 , Muhammad Abdullahi  14 , Taofiki Sumonu  14 , Taofeek Sanni  13 , Okechukwu Ogah  2 , Abiodun Adeoye  2 , Ezinne Uvere  17 , Philip Ibinaiye  9 , Rufus Akinyemi  2   12   18 , Bruce Ovbiagele  19 , Mayowa Owolabi  2   17   20
Affiliations

Carotid and Vertebral Atherosclerosis in West African Stroke Patients: Findings from the Stroke Investigative Research and Education Network

Adeleye Omisore et al. Niger Med J. .

Abstract

Background: We evaluated the characteristics of carotid and vertebral atherosclerosis in indigenous West Africans with stroke.

Methodology: Of the 3778stroke patients recruited between 01/2014 and 08/2017, 1070 (28.3%) received carotid and vertebral artery evaluation with B-mode Ultrasound. Carotid and vertebral intima-media thickness (IMT) using multiple site technique were measured bilaterally and plaque frequency was determined. Descriptive and comparative analyses between stroke types and vessels were carried out.

Results: There were 809 (75.6%) patients with ischemic stroke. The prevalence of intima-media thickening in the study population was 84.0% (898/1070) [95% CI: 81.7-86.1], being higher in the ischemic stroke (688/809, 85.0%) [95% CI: 82.4-87.3] than in the hemorrhagic stroke group (211/261, 80.8%) [95% CI: 75.6-85.2]. Overall prevalence of plaques which was 26.1% [95% CI: 23.5-28.8], was found also to be higher in ischemic than hemorrhagic stroke (29.8%[95% CI: 26.7-33.0] vs. 14.6% [95% CI: 10.8-19.4], p < 0.05). The mean IMT (carotids: 2.01+1.33 mm; vertebrals: 0.96+0.54mm, p<0.001) and prevalence of plaques (carotids: 8.8%; vertebrals: 1.7%,p<0.001) were higher in carotid than vertebral arteries. Age, hypertension, level of formal education, history of smoking, average monthly income, and family histories of hypertension and stroke were associated with intima-media thickening in the carotids (all p< 0.05) in the ischemic stroke patients while family history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and level of formal education were independently associated with intima-media thickening in the carotids (all p< 0.05) in the hemorrhagic stroke patients. No CVRF showed an independent association with the presence of plaque in the carotid and vertebral arteries both stroke types.

Conclusions: One off our stroke patients in our cohort had atherosclerotic plaques, with ischemic patients being twice as likely to have this burden compared to hemorrhagic patients, and carotid atherosclerosis being five times as frequent as vertebral atherosclerosis.

Keywords: Atherosclerosis; Carotid; Stroke; Vertebral; West Africa.

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