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. 2024 May 28;14(1):12214.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-63135-3.

The significance of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using time-SLIP MRI

Yusuke Tomita  1 , Mitsuru Yagi  2   3 , Fumiko Seki  4   5 , Yuji Komaki  4   5 , Satoshi Suzuki  1 , Kota Watanabe  1 , Morio Matsumoto  1 , Masaya Nakamura  1
Affiliations

The significance of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using time-SLIP MRI

Yusuke Tomita et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) affects approximately 3% of the global population. Recent studies have drawn attention to abnormalities in the dynamics of the CSF as potential contributors. This research aims to employ the Time-Spatial Labeling Inversion Pulse (Time-SLIP) MRI to assess and analyze cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics in AIS patients. 101 AIS patients underwent Time-SLIP MRI. Images were taken at the mid-cervical and craniocervical junction regions. The sum of the maximum movement distances of CSF on the ventral and dorsal sides of the spinal canal within a single timeframe was defined and measured as Travel Distance (TD). Correlations between TD, age, Cobb angle, and Risser grade were analyzed. TD comparisons were made across Lenke classifications. TD for all patients was a weak correlation with the Cobb angle (r = - 0.16). Comparing TD between Lenke type 1 and 5, type 5 patients display significantly shorter TD (p < 0.05). In Risser5 patients with Lenke type 5 showed a significant negative correlation between Cobb angle and TD (r = - 0.44). Lenke type 5 patients had significantly shorter CSF TD compared to type1, correlating with worsening Cobb angles. Further analysis and exploration are required to understand the mechanism of onset and progression.

Keywords: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; Cerebrospinal fluid; Time-SLIP MRI.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Travel distance measurement using Time-SLIP MRI. The solid line indicates the Bastion-opisthion line. The dotted lines indicate the maximum movement distances of CSF on ventral and dorsal side of the spinal canal. Travel distance was measured as the sum of the maximum movement distances of CSF on the ventral and dorsal sides of the spinal canal from Bastion-opisthion line within a single timeframe was defined and measured as TD.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Correlation between the TD and Cobb angle of major curve. There was a weak negative correlation between the TD and the Cobb angle of major curve (r = − 0.16).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Correlation between the TD and Cobb angle of major curve in Risser 5 patients. The sub-analysis of skeletally mature patients revealed moderate correlation between TD and the Cobb angle of major curve (r = − 0.36).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Representative Time-SLIP MRI images of Lenke type 1 and type 5 AIS patients. (A) Standing whole spine radiograph of 14-year-old female Lenke type 1 patient. Cobb angle of the major curve was 33 degrees and the Risser grade was 4. (B) Time-SLIP MRI of 14-year-old Lenke type 1 patient. The TD was 37.3 mm. (C) Standing whole spine radiograph of 19-year-old female Lenke type 5 patient. Cobb angle of the major curve was 39 degrees and the Risser grade was 5. (D) Time-SLIP MRI of 19-year-old Lenke type 5 patient. The TD was 6.3 mm.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Correlation between the TD and Cobb angle of major curve in Lenke type 1 and Lenke type 5 patients. (A) Moderate correlation was observed between the Cobb angle and the TD in Lenke type 5 patients (r = − 0.44).The corresponding p-value for this correlation is 0.037. (B) No correlation was observed between the Cobb angle and the TD in Lenke type 1 patients.
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