Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 May 28;24(1):207.
doi: 10.1186/s12906-024-04500-7.

Insights into the potential dual-antibacterial mechanism of Kelisha capsule on Escherichia coli

Guolin Shi  1   2 , Xiao Lu  2 , Yuanhang Zheng  2 , Tao Yang  2 , Enyuan Zhu  2 , Yanhong Song  2 , Pintong Huang  3   4   5
Affiliations

Insights into the potential dual-antibacterial mechanism of Kelisha capsule on Escherichia coli

Guolin Shi et al. BMC Complement Med Ther. .

Abstract

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), AYURVEDA and Indian medicine are essential in disease prevention and treatment. Kelisha capsule (KLSC), a TCM formula listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, has been clinically proven to possess potent antibacterial properties. However, the precise antimicrobial mechanism of KLSC remained unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the dual antibacterial mechanism of KLSC using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation. By analyzing the growth curve of Escherichia coli (E. coli), it was observed that KLSC significantly inhibited its growth, showcasing a remarkable antibacterial effect. Furthermore, SEM and TEM analysis revealed that KLSC damaged the cell wall and membrane of E. coli, resulting in cytoplasmic leakage, bacterial death, and the exertion of antibacterial effects. The network pharmacology analysis revealed that KLSC exhibited an effect on E. coli ATP synthase, thereby influencing the energy metabolism process. The molecular docking outcomes provided evidence that the active compounds of KLSC could effectively bind to the ATP synthase subunit. Subsequently, experimental findings substantiated that KLSC effectively suppressed the activity of ATP synthase in E. coli and consequently decreased the ATP content. This study highlighted the dual antibacterial mechanism of KLSC, emphasizing its effects on cell structure and energy metabolism, suggesting its potential as a natural antibacterial agent for E. coli-related infections. These findings offered new insights into exploring the antibacterial mechanisms of TCM by focusing on the energy metabolism process.

Keywords: Kelisha capsule; ATP synthase; Antibacterial mechanism; Molecular docking; Natural medicine; Network pharmacology.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The growth curve of KLS capsule against E. coli
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The ALP activity of E. coli. ((a) LB medium; (b) KLSC 64 mg/mL; (b) KLSC 128 mg/mL)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The structure of E. coli. (a) SEM micrographs of E. coli untreated with KLSC; (b) SEM micrographs of E. coli treated with KLSC; (c) TEM micrographs of E. coli untreated with KLSC; (d) TEM micrographs of E. coli treated with KLSC.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The extracellular relative electric conductivity. (a) LB medium; (b) KLSC 64 mg/mL; (c) KLSC 128 mg/mL
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
(a) The KLSC compound-target network. (b) The PPI networks
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
The GO enrichment analysis
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
The heat map of Molecular docking binding energy. (Behp represents bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate)
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Molecular docking of active compounds and key targets
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
(a) The ATP synthase activity of E. coli; (b) The ATP contents of E. coli
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
(a) The oxidative phosphorylation pathway of E. coli [62]; (b) ATP synthase of E. coli
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Liu B, Zhou C, Zhang Z, Roland JD, Lee BP. Antimicrobial property of halogenated catechols. Chem Eng J. 2021;403:126340. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.126340. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Weng M, You S, Luo J, Lin Z, Chen T, Peng X, Qiu B. Antibacterial mechanism of polysaccharides from the leaves of Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm. By metabolomics based on HPLC/MS. Int J Biol Macromol. 2022;221:303–13. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.009. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Martin JK, Sheehan JP, Bratton BP, Moore GM, Mateus A, Li SH-J, Kim H, Rabinowitz JD, Typas A, Savitski MM. A dual-mechanism antibiotic kills gram-negative bacteria and avoids drug resistance. Cell. 2020;181(7):1518–32. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.005. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Islam MB, Islam MI, Nath N, Emran TB, Rahman MR, Sharma R, Matin MM. Recent advances in pyridine scaffold: Focus on chemistry, synthesis, and antibacterial activities. BioMed research international 2023, 2023. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Biswas FB, Roy TG, Rahman MA, Emran TB. An in vitro antibacterial and antifungal effects of cadmium (II) complexes of hexamethyltetraazacyclotetradecadiene and isomers of its saturated analogue. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2014;7:S534–9. doi: 10.1016/S1995-7645(14)60286-8. - DOI - PubMed

MeSH terms

Substances