Fluid and electrolyte balance following consumption of skimmed milk and a plant-based soya beverage at rest in euhydrated males

Abstract

Purpose: Cow's milk is one of the most hydrating beverages, but many individuals choose not to consume dairy in their diet due to intolerance, allergy, or dietary preference. Milk is commonly replaced with plant-based beverages, including soya which has the most comparable protein content, but little is known about their hydration potential. This study compared fluid and electrolyte balance responses between a soya beverage and skimmed cow's milk.

Methods: Ten healthy males [age 27 (6) y; body mass index 24.6 (2.3) kg/m²] completed two randomised counterbalanced trials, involving consuming 1000 mL water from approximately isocaloric amounts of skimmed cow's milk (MILK) or a sweetened soya beverage (SOYA), in four aliquots over 30 min in a euhydrated fasted state. Volume, specific gravity, and electrolyte (sodium, potassium, chloride) concentrations were determined in total-void urine samples collected pre-/post-beverage ingestion, and hourly for 180 min thereafter. Hunger, thirst, nausea and stomach fullness were rated proximal to urine samples.

Results: Total urine mass (MILK, 986 ± 254 g; SOYA, 950 ± 248 g; P = 0.435) and urine specific gravity (P = 0.156) did not differ between trials. Potassium balance was greater in SOYA 0-180 min post-beverage (P ≤ 0.013), whilst chloride balance was greater in MILK 0-120 min post-beverage (P ≤ 0.036). Sodium balance (P = 0.258), total electrolyte balance (P = 0.258), and subjective measures (P ≥ 0.139) were not different between trials.

Conclusion: Replacing cow's milk with a soya beverage did not negatively impact fluid balance in healthy young males, making it a viable option for those who choose not to consume dairy in their diet.

Keywords: Beverage hydration index; Dehydration; Hydration; Plant-based; Vegan; Vegetarian.

Fig. 1

Total urine mass (g) over 210 min (30 min drinking and 180 min follow-up) following the consumption of MILK and SOYA beverages. Bars represent group mean; lines represent individual participants

Fig. 2

A Urine output (g) and B urine specific gravity throughout experimental trials. *Both trials different to − 30 min (P < 0.001)

Fig. 3

A Sodium; B potassium; C chloride, and D total electrolyte balance throughout experimental trials. ^#Indicates significant difference between MILK and SOYA (P < 0.05)