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Review
. 2024 May 30;390(20):1895-1904.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMra2214183.

Medical Artificial Intelligence and Human Values

Kun-Hsing Yu  1 , Elizabeth Healey  1 , Tze-Yun Leong  1 , Isaac S Kohane  1 , Arjun K Manrai  1
Affiliations
Review

Medical Artificial Intelligence and Human Values

Kun-Hsing Yu et al. N Engl J Med. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. How contemporary AI models may be “steered” to capture different human values.
Large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 encode human values based both on their training data and how they subsequently “tuned.” As this example illustrates, they can further be powerfully “steered” to adopt different roles. The human prompts in this example are about an identical case of a 14-year old short-statured boy; GPT-4 is instructed to “adopt” three different perspectives: A the treating physician, B the insurance company, C the boy’s parents. GPT-4 prompts and output are abridged to fit.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Entry points and choices for human values in traditional clinical equations and new AI models.
In both traditional clinical equations (e.g. eGFR) and new AI models (e.g. LLMs), human values enter at every stage including in choices about training data, model development, and model use. While the examples are highly varied, often the same questions can be used to elucidate human values in both traditional clinical equations and newer AI models.
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References

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