Bladder papilloma: A rare benign tumor - Case report and literature review

Abstract

Introduction and importance: Bladder papilloma, a rare benign tumor of the urinary tract, accounts for 1-4 % of bladder tumors. Its distinct features, diagnosed through light microscopy, include architectural and cytological characteristics. Despite its rarity, bladder papilloma is clinically significant due to its distinct traits, low recurrence risk, and potential progression to other urothelial neoplasms. Understanding this condition is crucial for early diagnosis and optimal patient care.

Case presentation: A 66-year-old male with benign prostatic hyperplasia presented with one month of intermittent hematuria. Physical examination and laboratory tests were unremarkable. Imaging revealed an 11 × 10 × 7 mm echogenic nodular lesion with calcifications on the right bladder wall. Cystoscopy identified a polypoid lesion, leading to transurethral resection. Histopathological examination confirmed bladder papilloma without malignant features.

Clinical discussion: Bladder papilloma typically presents with hematuria, mainly in younger patients, with low recurrence and rare progression to aggressive cancers. Diagnosis involves endoscopy and resection, followed by cystoscopic surveillance. Understanding its classification, characteristics, and risk factors aids in accurate management.

Conclusion: Bladder papilloma diagnosis relies on light microscopy, with hematuria as a primary symptom, often in younger patients. Recurrence risk is low, and progression to aggressive cancers is rare. Diagnosis involves endoscopy, resection, and cystoscopic follow-up. This case enhances our understanding of bladder papilloma, contributing to improved care.

Keywords: Bladder; Cystoscopy; Papilloma; Urothelial.

Fig. 1

Ultrasound image depicting a lesion in the right lateral wall of the bladder.

Fig. 2

Cystoscopic view revealing a bladder polyp.

Fig. 3

Photomicrographs of the lesion show a benign exophytic tumor made of papillary structures with a central fibro-vascular core and a transitional-type epithelium (A: H&E, ×100). At higher magnification, the epithelial lining is slightly thickened with prominent umbrella cells layer (black arrows) and very mild cytologic atypia (B: H&E, ×400).