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. 2024 May 25:17:1903-1915.
doi: 10.2147/JPR.S463159. eCollection 2024.

Analgesic Potential Comparison Between Piperine-Combined Curcumin Patch and Non-Piperine Curcumin Patch: A Pragmatic Trial on Post-Cleft Lip/Palate Surgery Pediatric Patients

Tantry Maulina  1   2 , Yohanes Yoppy Purnomo  3 , Nadya Khamila  4 , Devy Garna  5 , Endang Sjamsudin  1 , Arief Cahyanto  6
Affiliations

Analgesic Potential Comparison Between Piperine-Combined Curcumin Patch and Non-Piperine Curcumin Patch: A Pragmatic Trial on Post-Cleft Lip/Palate Surgery Pediatric Patients

Tantry Maulina et al. J Pain Res. .

Abstract

Purpose: Despite its well-acknowledged analgesic potential, curcumin's low bioavailability has been recognized. Piperine, a substance naturally contained in pepper, has been known for its effect on increasing curcumin bioavailability. To investigate the analgesic potential of curcumin and piperine addition to curcumin patch used as adjuvant therapy in the management of acute postoperative orofacial pain.

Patients and methods: This pragmatic trial recruited 75 patients that underwent oromaxillofacial surgery at Unpad Dental Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. Research participants were randomly assigned to three different groups: the first group that did not receive any intervention other than the post-operative standard treatment (POST), the second group that received POST and non-piperine curcumin patch, and the third group that received POST and piperine-combined curcumin patch. Participants' pain intensity was evaluated by using the face, leg, activity, cry, and consolability (FLACC) pain scale and salivary prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) level for two-time points, which were eight hours apart. All data were gathered and analyzed to compare the within and between-group differences.

Results: Within groups comparison of the FLACC scores for two evaluation points showed significant differences for all groups (p < 0.01). For salivary PGE2 analysis, a comparison of the non-piperine group to the piperine group also showed significant results. Yet, when all three groups were compared, regardless of the differences, the results were not statistically significant.

Conclusion: Despite of the proven efficacy of curcumin patch, the addition of piperine to the curcumin patch in the current study did not provide any significant effects. Further investigation is of importance.

Keywords: acute postoperative pain; cleft lip; cleft palate; curcumin; oromaxillofacial surgery; piperine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflict of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Placement of non-piperine curcumin patch on the middle of the chest.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Placement of piperine-combined curcumin patch on upper-left of the chest area of the patient (as pointed by the blue arrow).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Study design.
Figure 4
Figure 4
FLACC scores and means (showed by the “X” sign in the middle of the boxplots) for the control group, the treatment group that received a non-piperine curcumin patch, and the treatment group that received a piperine-combined curcumin patch, on two pain evaluation points (T0= Immediately after anesthesia effect wore off, and T1= eight hours after T0).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Salivary PGE2 values (pg/mL) and means (showed by the “X” sign in the middle of the boxplots) for the control group, the treatment group that received a non-piperine curcumin patch, and the treatment group that received a piperine-combined curcumin patch, on two pain evaluation points (T0= Immediately after anesthesia effect wore off, and T1= Eight hours after T0).
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