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. 2024 May 16;10(10):e31015.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31015. eCollection 2024 May 30.

Does swing leg braking matter in long jump take-off? A 3-D kinematic analysis based on elite athletes

Zhiyong Jin  1 , Gongju Liu  2 , Houwei Zhu  3 , Zhe Zheng  3 , Xu Pan  2 , Huiju Pan  3
Affiliations

Does swing leg braking matter in long jump take-off? A 3-D kinematic analysis based on elite athletes

Zhiyong Jin et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

The objective of this study was to explore the braking technical characteristics of the swing leg of elite male athletes in long jump take-off and its dependencies on the extension velocity of the support leg and the balance. Two cameras were used to capture 8 elite male long jump athletes (25.88 ± 3.00 years) under competitive conditions at a National Indoor Athletic Championships Final, a 3-D kinematic analysis method was conducted to analyze the take-off technique of the athletes. The results showed that the rapid braking of the swing leg increased the extension velocity of the support leg. Compared to the swing leg that started braking at the moment of maximum knee flexion of the support leg (SPKnee maximum flexion moment), athletes' performance was greater when swing leg started braking at the moment of maximum ankle flexion of the support leg (SPAnkle maximum flexion moment). Furthermore, the swing leg exhibited an inward movement during its forward swing, and the inward angle was significantly correlated with the balance maintenance (r = - 0.50,P = 0.004). In conclusion, a relatively delayed rapid braking and moderate inward movement of the swing leg during the take-off phase are conducive to achieving a better take-off effect in long jump.

Keywords: Biomechanics; Broad jump; Deceleration; Free leg; Sports technique.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report there are no competing interests to declare.The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Protocol flow chart.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Plan of the competition site.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Space coordinate of 3D kinematic analysis.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Specific phases of the take-off.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Angle degree change of support leg joints.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
The SWHip peak flexion velocity of each athlete at different swing leg braking timing (Mean ± SD) A-H, athletes A-H.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
The SPAnkle extension velocity of each athlete at different swing leg braking timing (Mean ± SD).
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
The SW-Horizontal plane angle of each athlete at different swing leg braking timing (Mean ± SD).
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
The Results of each athlete at different swing leg braking timing (Mean ± SD).
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
Moving trajectories of knee joint of swing leg and COG of body in BC.
Fig. 11
Fig. 11
SW-COGTrajectory angle—SPHip extension velocity.
Fig. 12
Fig. 12
SW-COGTrajectory angle—SPKnee extension velocity.
Fig. 13
Fig. 13
SW-COGTrajectory angle—SPAnkle extension velocity.
Fig. 14
Fig. 14
SP-COGTrajectory distance—SPHip extension velocity.
Fig. 15
Fig. 15
SP-COGTrajectory distance—SPKnee extension velocity.
Fig. 16
Fig. 16
SP-COGTrajectory distance—SPAnkle extension velocity.
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