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. 2025 Sep;55(9):3245-3256.
doi: 10.1007/s10803-024-06418-y. Epub 2024 May 31.

Continuous Electroencephalogram (cEEG) Findings and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) at 12-24 Months of Age

Swetha Padiyar  1 , Neil Friedman  2 , Elia Pestana-Knight  3 , Linda Franic  3 , Sarah Worley  4 , Hany Aly  5
Affiliations

Continuous Electroencephalogram (cEEG) Findings and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) at 12-24 Months of Age

Swetha Padiyar et al. J Autism Dev Disord. 2025 Sep.

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to assess the role of continuous EEG (cEEG) background patterns and duration of cross-clamp time and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing cardiac surgery and its correlation with abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12-24 months on Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID-III).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included infants with CHD and cEEG monitoring, who underwent surgery by 44 weeks gestational age.

Results: 34 patients were included, who were operated at median age - 7 days. Longer duration of cross- camp time was associated with poor language composite scores (LCS) (p value = 0.036). A significant association existed between severity of encephalopathy in 24-hour post-operative period and poor LCS (p value = 0.026).

Conclusion: Majority of neonates with CHD have below average cognitive, language and motor composite scores on BSID-III. Longer duration of cross-clamp time and severity of encephalopathy during 24-hour post-operative EEG monitoring are associated with poor LCS.

Keywords: Congenital Heart Disease (CHD); Electroencephalogram (EEG); Neurodevelopmental outcomes.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interests: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow diagram of the study population
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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