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Review
. 2024 Aug 1;37(4):254-263.
doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001022. Epub 2024 May 31.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and cellular therapy in persons living with HIV

Paul G Rubinstein  1   2   3 , Carlos Galvez  1 , Richard F Ambinder  4
Affiliations
Review

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and cellular therapy in persons living with HIV

Paul G Rubinstein et al. Curr Opin Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Purpose of review: Summarize the latest research of both stem cell transplantation and cellular therapy and present the implications with respect to persons with HIV (PWH), hematologic malignancies, and HIV-1 cure.

Recent findings: Allogeneic (alloSCT) and autologous (autoSCT) stem cell transplantation have been shown to be well tolerated and effective regardless of HIV-1 status. AlloSCT leads to a decrease in the HIV-1 latently infected reservoir orders of magnitude below that achieved with antiretroviral therapy (ART) alone. Utilization of CCR5Δ2/Δ32 donors in an alloSCT has resulted in HIV-1 cures. In the last 12 months, three cases of cure have been published, giving further insight into the conditions required for HIV-1 control. Other advances in the treatment of hematological cancers include chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART) therapy, which are active in PWH with lymphoma.

Summary: Here we discuss the advances in SCT and cellular therapy in PWH and cancer. Additionally, we discuss how these technologies are being utilized to achieve HIV-1 cure.

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References

    1. Ambinder RF, Capoferri AA, Durand CM. Haemopoietic cell transplantation in patients living with HIV. Lancet HIV 2020; 7:e652–e660.
    1. Kiplagat J, Tran DN, Barber T. How health systems can adapt to a population ageing with HIV and comorbid disease. Lancet HIV 2022; 9:e281–e292.
    1. Henrich TJ, Hanhauser E, Marty FM, et al. Antiretroviral-free HIV-1 remission and viral rebound after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: report of 2 cases. Ann Intern Med 2014; 161:319–327.
    1. Henrich TJ, Hu Z, Li JZ, et al. Long-term reduction in peripheral blood HIV type 1 reservoirs following reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation. J Infect Dis 2013; 207:1694–1702.
    1. Zhang X, Zhu L, Zhang H, et al. CAR-T cell therapy in hematological malignancies: current opportunities and challenges. Front Immunol 2022; 13:927153.

MeSH terms