The role of gut microbiota in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension and the possible preventive effect of exercise

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of the present study is to analyze the data indicating an association between high salt intake and the gastrointestinal microbiota in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension in animals and men. It is also, to discuss the preventive effects of exercise on gut-induced hypertension by favorably modifying the composition of gut microbiota.

Areas covered: Salt sensitivity is quite common, accounting for 30%-60% in hypertensive subjects. Recently, a novel cause for salt-sensitive hypertension has been discovered through the action of gut microbiota by the secretion of several hormones and the action of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In addition, recent studies indicate that exercise might favorably modify the adverse effects of gut microbiota regarding their effects on BP. To identify the role of gut microbiota on the incidence of hypertension and CVD and the beneficial effect of exercise, a Medline search of the English literature was conducted between 2018 and 2023 and 42 pertinent papers were selected.

Expert opinion: The analysis of data from the selected papers disclosed that the gut microbiota contribute significantly to the development of salt-sensitive hypertension and that exercise modifies their gut composition and ameliorates their adverse effects on BP.

Keywords: Salt sensitivity; cardiovascular disease; gut microbiota; hypertension; sodium intake.