Health-Related Quality of Life Burden Among Adults with Vitiligo: Relationship to Disease Severity and Disease Location

Abstract

Introduction: Vitiligo was historically regarded as a cosmetic disorder; however, it is an autoimmune disease. As a visible condition, it affects patient well-being. We assessed the impact of disease severity, lesion location, and body surface area (BSA) affected on patient health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Methods: Retrospective data were from the Adelphi Real World Vitiligo Disease Specific Programme: a cross-sectional survey of physicians and their patients with vitiligo (10/2021-07/2022). Patient-reported outcomes were assessed by the Vitiligo-Specific Quality of Life Instrument (VitiQoL), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and EQ-5D-5L. The Work Productivity and Impairment Questionnaire (WPAI) questionnaire was used to assess disease-related impairment of daily activities. Data were stratified by physician-reported disease severity, presence/absence of vitiligo on the face, and BSA percentage affected.

Results: In total, 1388 patients were included. Mean (SD) VitiQoL, HADS depression, and anxiety scores were higher for those with severe disease [40.5 (26.1), 5.2 (4.4), and 6.8 (4.7)] than those with mild [24.8 (18.8), 3.6 (3.8), 4.2 (3.8)] or moderate [27.1 (22.6), 3.8 (4.5), 4.3 (4.4)] disease. Patients with face affected reported higher VitiQoL [30.0 (22.3) versus 23.2 (19.3)], and HADS scores [depression, 4.3 (4.3) versus 3.2 (3.9); anxiety, 5.0 (4.3) versus 3.8 (3.9)] than those without. Patients with ≥ 5% BSA affected had higher VitiQoL, depression and anxiety scores [27.9 (21.8), 4.0 (4.4), and 4.5 (4.2)] than those with 0-5% [24.6 (19.7), 3.4 (3.7), and 4.3 (4.1)]. Patients with severe vitiligo, facial lesions, or ≥ 5% BSA reported higher activity impairment. Mean EQ-5D-5L-utility score was approximately 0.9 regardless of disease severity or total BSA affected.

Conclusions: These data demonstrate the impact disease severity can have on HRQoL and daily activities for patients with vitiligo. Lesions that are more severe, on the face, or covering a greater BSA are more often associated with poorer outcomes and activity impairment. These data also highlight the potential insensitivity of commonly used HRQoL measures and a need for more sensitive disease-specific measures.

Keywords: Disease burden; Retrospective analysis; Vitiligo.

Fig. 1

Patient-reported outcomes by severity subgroup. Labels represent mean (SD). EQ-5D-5L 5-level EuroQol 5-dimensional questionnaire, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, SD standard deviation, VitiQoL Vitiligo-Specific Quality of Life Instrument

Fig. 2

WPAI domains by severity subgroup. Labels represent mean (SD). SD standard deviation, WPAI Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire

Fig. 3

Patient-reported outcomes by face involvement. Labels represent mean (SD). EQ-5D-5L 5-level EuroQol 5-dimensional questionnaire, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, SD standard deviation, VitiQoL Vitiligo-Specific Quality of Life Instrument

Fig. 4

WPAI domains by face involvement. Labels represent mean (SD). SD standard deviation, WPAI Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire

Fig. 5

Patient-reported outcomes by BSA affected. Labels represent mean (SD). BSA body surface area, EQ-5D-5L 5-level EuroQol 5-dimensional questionnaire, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, SD standard deviation, VitiQoL Vitiligo-Specific Quality of Life Instrument

Fig. 6

WPAI domains by BSA affected. Labels represent mean (SD). BSA body surface area, SD standard deviation, WPAI Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire