Comparative performance assessment of pilot irrigation schemes in Uganda

Abstract

Irrigation schemes across sub-Saharan Africa are constructed with the intention of increasing agricultural production to increase food security, reduce poverty and improve economic growth. However, most of these schemes are not performing as expected. This study therefore, diagnosed performance gaps in the pilot irrigation schemes of Mubuku and Doho in Uganda and analysed sustainable improvement options. Data was collected through systematic review of literature and scheme data, direct measurements at the schemes, field surveys, inspections, and key informant interviews. For each scheme, data for climate, irrigation, flow measurements, crop yields and farm gate prices were collected. Comparative indicators of agricultural output, water supply, financial and physical sustainability were used to assess scheme performance using standard approaches by International Water Management Institute (IWMI). The findings showed that the schemes were not performing optimally with crop yields being far below the attainable potential. The major contributing factors to the low performance were low water use efficiency and low agricultural output. Poor flow control, poor water distribution, and poor on-farm water application contributed to low water use efficiency. Low agricultural production was attributed to poor crop yields resulting from poor agronomic practices, poor irrigation scheduling and low produce prices. The financial self-sufficiency indicator pointed to farmers' inability to operate and maintain irrigation schemes effectively. Improving the irrigation schemes performance requires a multidisciplinary approach targeting the improvement water use efficiency and agricultural output.

Keywords: Comparative indicators; Irrigation scheme performance; Performance assessment; Smallholder irrigation; Sustainability.

Fig. 1

Location map of the studied irrigation schemes Adapted from Wamala et al. [12].

Fig. 2

Problem tree showing performance gaps at pilot irrigation schemes in Uganda (Source: Field Survey).

Fig. 3

Status of irrigation infrastructure at Mubuku and Doho pilot irrigation schemes in Uganda (Source: Field Survey).