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Review
. 2024 May;40(Suppl 1):8-15.
doi: 10.1007/s12055-023-01627-z. Epub 2023 Nov 22.

Uncommon pathogens causing infective endocarditis

Thangam Menon  1
Affiliations
Review

Uncommon pathogens causing infective endocarditis

Thangam Menon. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2024 May.

Abstract

Infective endocarditis is caused by a wide range of aetiological agents. The microbiology, epidemiology, and treatment of this disease have changed considerably in the last two decades. Staphylococci and streptococci are known to be the classical causative agents; however, blood culture-negative endocarditis caused by fastidious and slow-growing organisms is now common. The list of uncommon pathogens causing endocarditis has expanded in recent years. This is a narrative literature review of the aetiological agents of endocarditis that are rarely encountered in clinical practice, their epidemiology, the characteristics of these pathogens, the clinical presentations of the cases, and their management.

Keywords: Aetiology; Epidemiology; Infective endocarditis; Uncommon pathogens.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interestThe authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

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