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Review
. 2024 May 17:15:1360618.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360618. eCollection 2024.

Extracellular vescicles in psoriasis: from pathogenesis to possible roles in therapy

Marco Iuliano  1 , Lorenzo Grimaldi  1 , Paolo Rosa  1   2 , Sofia Scibetta  1 , Nicoletta Bernardini  3 , Ilaria Proietti  3 , Ersilia Tolino  3 , Nevena Skroza  1   3 , Concetta Potenza  1   3 , Giorgio Mangino #  1 , Giovanna Romeo #  1
Affiliations
Review

Extracellular vescicles in psoriasis: from pathogenesis to possible roles in therapy

Marco Iuliano et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting skin and joints characterized by a chronically altered immune and inflammatory response. Several factors occur from the onset to the development of this disease due to different types of cells spatially and temporally localized in the affected area, such as, keratinocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and T helper lymphocytes. This scenario leads to the chronic release of high levels of inflammatory mediators (i.e., IL-17, IL-23, IL-22, TNF-α, S100 proteins, Defensins) and lastly parakeratosis and thickening of the stratum spinosum. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small double membraned biological nanoparticles that are secreted by all cell types and classified, based on dimension and biogenesis, into exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies. Their role as vessels for long range molecular signals renders them key elements in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, as well as innovative platforms for potential biomarker discovery and delivery of fine-tuned anti-inflammatory therapies. In this review, the role of EVs in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and the modulation of cellular microenvironment has been summarized. The biotechnological implementation of EVs for therapy and research for new biomarkers has been also discussed.

Keywords: exosomes; extracellular vesicles; inflammatory microenvironment; microRNA; psoriasis pathogenesis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Overview of keratinocytes and immune cells interactions in psoriatic microenvironment. The cartoon summarizes the main molecular mediators found within the EVs and elucidates the resulting inflammatory effects obtained through EV trafficking. An emphasis has been given on the cell-to-cell communication between psoriatic keratinocytes and immune cells (macrophages, T helper lymphocytes and neutrophils) localized in the lesion area. The role of EVs in the psoriatic disease, in particular in the composition of psoriasis-associated secretome and microenvironment indicates the EV involvement in the spreading of disease mediators and in the possible associated comorbidities. Created with BioRender.com.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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