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. 2023 Dec 30;78(6):1728-1737.
doi: 10.32592/ARI.2023.78.6.1728. eCollection 2023 Dec.

Alleviating Effects of Clove Essential Oil Disolved in Dimethyl Sulfoxide (Dmso) Against Cadmium-Induced Testicular and Epididymal Damages in Male Wistar Rats

O O Uchewa  1 , C E Chukwuemelie  1 , A I Ovioson  2 , A O Ibegbu  1
Affiliations

Alleviating Effects of Clove Essential Oil Disolved in Dimethyl Sulfoxide (Dmso) Against Cadmium-Induced Testicular and Epididymal Damages in Male Wistar Rats

O O Uchewa et al. Arch Razi Inst. .

Abstract

Cloves possess antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, among other roles, they can play. This study investigated the effect of clove oil (CLO) on testicular and epididymal changes induced by cadmium chloride (CdCl). A total of 25 rats were randomly assigned to five groups of five rats. Group A was allowed feed and water ad libitum. Group B was given 20mg/kg of CdCl, group C was given 20mg/kg of CdCl and 10mg/kg of CLO, group D was given 20mg/kg of CdCl and 20mg/kg of CLO, and group E was given 20mg/kg of CdCl and 20mg/kg of Di Methyl Sulphur Oxide. After the experiment, the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation after 24 hours of fasting. The testes and epididymis were harvested, while the right epididymis was homogenized for sperm analysis. The results revealed a significant decrease in progressive motility in group B, while a significant increase was observed in CLO-treated groups (P<0.05). In addition, group B showed a significant reduction in percentage progressive, an increase in percentage non-motile, and a decrease in sperm count. The histological studies showed that the control group displayed normal testicular and epididymal histo-architecture, while the Cadmium group (B) showed a progressive degeneration of the cells and tissues, alleviated by the high dose of CLO in both the testes and epididymis. In conclusion, the current research demonstrated that testicular and epididymal damage induced by Cadmium could decrease fertility, and CLO may be used in alleviating the deleterious effects of CdCl.

Keywords: Cadmium; Clove oil; Epididymis; Motility; Sperm morphology; Testes; Wistar rats.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The photomicrograph of section of epididymis from the control group showing the normal two cell types (principal and basal cells), epithelium, blood vessel (BV), dense connective tissue and stereocilia (arrows) which extend from the surface of the principal cells. ×400.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The photomicrograph of section of epididymis from the cadmium group showing several alterations such as fatty dense connective tissue, necrotized stereocilia, cellular debris (Cd), necrotized spermatozoa (Ns), necrotic blood vessel (arrow) and empty epididymal lumen. H&E, ×400.
Figure 3
Figure 3
A section of the cadmium chloride + a medium dose of clove oil + DMSO group of the photomicrograph of epididymis showing interstitial tissue (It), Necrotic spermatozoa (Nz), Pseudostratified epithelial layer (Ps) and Epididymal tubule (Et), Hematoxylin and eosin, magnification ×400).
Figure 4
Figure 4
A section of the cadmium chloride + a high dose of clove oil + DMSO group of the photomicrograph of Epididymis showing Interstitial tissue (It), Necrotic zone (Nz), diffused stereocilia (arrow), Optical Empty Space (OES) and Epididymal lumen (EL). Hematoxylin and eosin ×400.
Figure 5
Figure 5
A section of the cadmium chloride + DMSO group of epididymis showing Interstitial tissue (It), Necrotic zone (Nz), Necrotized blood vessel (NB), Blood vessels (BV) and Epididymal lumen (EL), Hematoxylin and eosin magnification, ×400).
Figure 6
Figure 6
A photomicrographic section of the control group showing spermatocytes (Sc), sertoli cells (Sgn), spermatids (Sp), spermatogogonia (Sg), Leydig cells (Lc), Lumen of the seminiferous tubules. ×400.
Figure 7
Figure 7
A photomicrographic plate section of the cadmium chloride showing various fatty seminiferous tubules caused by toxicity on the testes, hemorrhage blood vessel (HBV) and Empty lumen of the seminiferous tubules. ×400.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The photomicrograph of a section of the CdCl + a medium dose of clove + DMSO group of testis revealing regenerating Spermatocytes (Sc), Sertoli cells (Sgn), Spermatids (Sp), Spermatogonia (Sg), Leydig cells (Lc) and the Lumen of the seminiferous tubules. × 400.
Figure 9
Figure 9
The photomicrograph of a section of the CdCl + a high dose of clove + DMSO group of testis revealing Sertoli cells (Sgn), Hemorrhaged blood vessel (HBV), Leydig cells (Lc), Interstitial tissue (IT), Cellular debris (CD) and the lumen of the seminiferous tubules (L). × 200.
Figure 10
Figure 10
The photomicrograph of a section of the CdCl + DMSO group of testis revealing Cellular debris (CD) and Inflamed seminiferous tubules (IST), Fatty changes, and Optical Empty Spaces (OES), × 200.
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