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. 2024 May 27:17:2099-2107.
doi: 10.2147/IDR.S451320. eCollection 2024.

Clinical Predictors of Bacteremia Outcome After Initial Empirical Antimicrobial Therapy in Patients with Hematological Malignancies: A Retrospective Analysis

Jinjie Gao  1 , Jiajia Zheng  2 , Hua Zhang  3 , Jijun Wang  1 , Hongmei Jing  1
Affiliations

Clinical Predictors of Bacteremia Outcome After Initial Empirical Antimicrobial Therapy in Patients with Hematological Malignancies: A Retrospective Analysis

Jinjie Gao et al. Infect Drug Resist. .

Abstract

Objective: We performed a retrospective analysis to investigate the clinical predictors of bacteremia outcome involving Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) after initial empirical antimicrobial therapy among hematological malignancy cases.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted between April 2018 and April 2023. All bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by E. coli and K. pneumoniae in hospitalized hematological malignancy (HM) patients were identified. Data on patient demographics, clinical characteristics, empirical antimicrobial treatment, outcomes and the antimicrobial susceptibility were collected from medical records. Multivariate analyses were utilized to assess the risk factors for all-cause mortality within 28 days and carbapenem resistance. Optimal cutoffs for continuous predictive variables were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results: Among 61 individuals diagnosed with bacteremia, 39 cases were caused by E. coli bacteremia, while the remaining 22 were identified as K. pneumoniae bacteremia. Out of these, there were 10 cases of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and 12 cases resulted in all-cause mortality within 28 days. Analysis indicated that Pitt score was an independent risk factor for mortality and a cut-off of 2.5 was a reliable predictor with 83.3% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity, respectively. Impaired mental status and elevated body temperature exceeding 38.6°C as well as a procalcitonin (PCT) level over 8.24 ng/mL on the third day (d3) after antimicrobial treatment were identified as independent risk factors for predicting carbapenem resistance.

Conclusion: We found that Pitt score with a cut-off of 2.5 was a reliable predictor for mortality within 28 days in HM bacteremia cases. Impaired mental status and elevated temperature exceeding 38.6°C as well as a procalcitonin (PCT) level over 8.24 ng/mL on d3 after antimicrobial treatment were identified as predictive risk factors to carbapenem resistance.

Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; initial clinical response; mortality; risk factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of Pitt bacteremia score (PBS).
Figure 2
Figure 2
ROC curve of maximum temperature and PCT level on d3 after empirical antimicrobial therapy.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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