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. 2024 Jun 3;19(6):e0300938.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300938. eCollection 2024.

Specific pelvic shape in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip on 3D morphometric homologous model analysis

Yui Sasaki  1 , Daisuke Suzuki  2 , Ryo Tokita  3 , Hiroyuki Takashima  4 , Hirofumi Matsumura  5 , Satoshi Nagoya  6
Affiliations

Specific pelvic shape in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip on 3D morphometric homologous model analysis

Yui Sasaki et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Purpose: To clarify the morphological factors of the pelvis in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), three-dimensional (3D) pelvic morphology was analyzed using a template-fitting technique.

Methods: Three-dimensional pelvic data of 50 patients with DDH (DDH group) and 3D pelvic data of 50 patients without obvious pelvic deformity (Normal group) were used. All patients were female. A template model was created by averaging the normal pelvises into a symmetrical and isotropic mesh. Next, 100 homologous models were generated by fitting the pelvic data of each group of patients to the template model. Principal component analysis was performed on the coordinates of each vertex (15,235 vertices) of the pelvic homologous model. In addition, a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated from the sensitivity of DDH positivity for each principal component, and principal components for which the area under the curve was significantly large were extracted (p<0.05). Finally, which components of the pelvic morphology frequently seen in DDH patients are related to these extracted principal components was evaluated.

Results: The first, third, and sixth principal components showed significantly larger areas under the ROC curves. The morphology indicated by the first principal component was associated with a decrease in coxal inclination in both the coronal and horizontal planes. The third principal component was related to the sacral inclination in the sagittal plane. The sixth principal component was associated with narrowing of the superior part of the pelvis.

Conclusion: The most important factor in the difference between normal and DDH pelvises was the change in the coxal angle in both the coronal and horizontal planes. That is, in the anterior and superior views, the normal pelvis is a triangle, whereas in DDH, it was more like a quadrilateral.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Creation of a homologous model by template fitting.
If the models to be analyzed (A, B) have different shapes and numbers of vertices, they cannot be compared. Therefore, the template model is transformed and superimposed based on landmarks into the models to be analyzed. The created model is called a homologous model, and it can be assumed that all vertices are homologous to the template model. Comparisons can be made by converting all models to be analyzed into homologous models (C, D).
Fig 2
Fig 2. Homologous modeling of the actual pelvis.
A homologous model with corresponding vertices is created from a template consisting of 15,235 vertices.
Fig 3
Fig 3. The pelvic angles measured in this study.
Fig 4
Fig 4. The ROC curve of DDH for 1st-20th principal components.
The 1st, 3rd, and 6th principal components are shown in red.
Fig 5
Fig 5. Histograms of principal component scores (PC1, PC3, and PC6).
Fig 6
Fig 6. The virtual morphologies when the first principal component (PC1) is changed from -3SD to +3SD.
Fig 7
Fig 7. The virtual morphologies when PC3 is changed from -3SD to +3SD.
Fig 8
Fig 8. The virtual morphologies when PC6 is changed from -3SD to +3SD.
Fig 9
Fig 9. Scatter plots between the PC1, PC3, and PC6 and the pelvic measurements.
Blue dots: the Normal group, Red dots: the DDH group.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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