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Meta-Analysis
. 2024 Jun 3;19(6):e0304762.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304762. eCollection 2024.

Prevalence of cognitive impairment and its predictors among chronic kidney disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Jialing Zhang  1 , Leiyun Wu  1 , Peixin Wang  1 , Yajing Pan  1 , Xingtong Dong  1 , Linpei Jia  1 , Aihua Zhang  1   2
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Prevalence of cognitive impairment and its predictors among chronic kidney disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Jialing Zhang et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: Cognitive impairment (CI) is common among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and is associated with a poor prognosis. We assessed the prevalence and associated factors of CI in patients with CKD.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by searching PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science through December 1, 2023. Random effects models were performed with subgroup analyses to further explore the heterogeneity.

Results: 50 studies involving 25,289 CKD patients were included. The overall prevalence of CI was 40% (95% confidence interval 33-46). The pooled prevalence of CI was relatively higher in CKD patients from Africa (58%), Asia (44%) and America (37%). Attention and executive dysfunction appeared to be the most common manifestations. The prevalence of CI was higher among patients with hemodialysis (53%) and peritoneal dialysis (39%) than those without dialysis (32%) and post-kidney transplanted (26%). In addition, advanced age, the presence of diabetes and hypertension might increase the risk of CI in CKD patients.

Conclusions: People with CKD have a high prevalence of CI, especially in patients with hemodialysis. An early and comprehensive screening for CI in CKD patients is needed to improve clinical outcomes.

Trial registration: Registration number: PROSPERO (CRD42023412864).

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. PRISMA flow diagram.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Forest plot of the pooled prevalence of cognitive impairment among CKD patients.
NOTE: Weights are from random-effects model.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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