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Review
. 2024 Aug;61(8):941-950.
doi: 10.1007/s00592-024-02300-6. Epub 2024 Jun 3.

GLP1-GIP receptor co-agonists: a promising evolution in the treatment of type 2 diabetes

Stefano Ciardullo  1   2 , Mario Luca Morieri  3 , Giuseppe Daniele  4   5 , Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino  6 , Teresa Mezza  7   8 , Domenico Tricò  4 , Agostino Consoli  9   10 , Stefano Del Prato  11 , Francesco Giorgino  12 , Salvatore Piro  13 , Anna Solini  14 , Angelo Avogaro  3
Affiliations
Review

GLP1-GIP receptor co-agonists: a promising evolution in the treatment of type 2 diabetes

Stefano Ciardullo et al. Acta Diabetol. 2024 Aug.

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes represents a growing challenge for global public health. Its prevalence is increasing worldwide, and, like obesity, it affects progressively younger populations compared to the past, with potentially greater impact on chronic complications. Dual glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) receptor agonists are among the new pharmacological strategies recently developed to address this challenge. Tirzepatide, characterized by its ability to selectively bind and activate receptors for the intestinal hormones GIP and GLP-1, has been tested in numerous clinical studies and is already currently authorized in several countries for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. In this context, the aim of the present document is to summarize, in the form of a narrative literature review, the currently available data on the main mechanisms of action of GIP/GLP-1 co-agonists and the clinical effects of tirzepatide evaluated in various clinical trials.

Keywords: Diabetes; GIP; GLP1; Incretin; Tirzepatide.

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Conflict of interest statement

SC received lecture or consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novo Nordisk; MLM received lecture or consultancy fees from Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novo Nordisk, SlaPharma, and Servier; DT received lecture or consultancy fees from Amarin, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, and Novo Nordisk. SDP has received research funding from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Co., and Merck Sharpe & Dohme, and is a consultant for or has received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Laboratoires Servier, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Co., Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, and Takeda. AC has received consulting or speaker fees from Bristol Meyer Squibb, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Novo-Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Sigma-Tau, Takeda. FG reports consultancies or paid advisory board memberships for Eli Lilly, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diabetes Care, and Sanofi; grants received from Eli Lilly, Lifescan, and Roche Diabetes Care; lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Lifescan, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diabetes Care, and Sanofi; and patents pending from Roche Diabetes Care. AS reports consultant fees from, Bayer, Eli Lilly Novo Nordisk and Sankyo, and lecture fees from Bayer, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi-Aventis. AA received research grants and lecture or advisory board fees from MSD, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Sanofi, Mediolanum, Janssen, Novo Nordisk, Lilly, Servier and Takeda. No other potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Gastro-intestinal and extra gastro-intestinal effects of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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