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Review
. 2024 Jun 3;24(1):234.
doi: 10.1186/s12886-024-03472-z.

Ochrobactrum anthropi infection following corneal transplantation -a case report and review of literature

Lei Liu  1 , Chunmei Wang  1 , Hui Xu  1 , Lulu Hou  1 , Rong Huang  1 , Xiaoru Shi  2 , Hui Jia  3
Affiliations
Review

Ochrobactrum anthropi infection following corneal transplantation -a case report and review of literature

Lei Liu et al. BMC Ophthalmol. .

Abstract

Background: Ochrobactrum anthropi is widely distributed and primarily infects patients with compromised immune functions . Historically, O. anthropi has been considered to possess low toxicity and pathogenicity; however, recent studies suggest that it may in fact cause severe purulent infections. In this case study, we examine a case of O. anthropi infection following corneal transplantation, exploring the occurrence and outcomes of such post-operative infections.

Case presentation: A retrospective analysis of cases involved examinations, genetic testing for diagnosis, and subsequent treatment. In patients undergoing partial penetrating keratoplasty with a fungal corneal ulcer perforation, anterior chamber exudation and purulence were observed post-surgery. Despite antifungal treatment, genetic testing of the anterior chamber fluid and purulent material confirmed O. anthropi infection. The use of antimicrobial treatment specifically targeting O. anthropi was found to be effective in treating the infection.

Conclusion: Inflammatory reactions following corneal transplantation should be should be monitored for the presence of other infections. Genetic testing has significant implications for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords: Corneal transplantation; Metagenomic next-generation sequencing; Ochrobactrum anthropi; Postoperative infection.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
A The clinical presentation is characterized by peripheral central corneal opacity and infiltration, which exhibit typical elevated lesions, a dry surface, and feathery infiltrating margins. B. Confocal microscopy reveals the presence of fungal hyphae. C. Fungal hyphae are observed in corneal scrapings with Gram staining. D. Corneal scrapings with potassium hydroxide (KOH) wet mount demonstrate the presence of fungal hyphae
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
A After treatment, the corneal ulcer has healed, with localized margins and corneal perforation. B No fungal hyphae are observed in corneal scrapings with Gram staining, but inflammatory cells are present
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
A Following corneal transplantation, there was an accumulation of pus in the anterior chamber of the eye, exhibiting a thin and watery consistency. B Subsequent to treatment, there was a discernible reduction in anterior chamber pus. C The corneal graft appeared grayish-white and opaque, and the anterior chamber pus completely disappeared. D Gram staining of corneal scrapings did not reveal any fungal hyphae, but did indicate the presence of a considerable number of inflammatory cells. E Turbidity was observed in the vitreous cavity, resembling sediment. F The vitreous opacities exhibited a noticeable reduction in comparison to the pre-treatment state
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
A Pseudo-pterygium and corneal opacities developed six months after corneal transplantation. B After the second corneal transplantation, the corneal graft became transparent
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