Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2024 May 21;10(11):e30972.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30972. eCollection 2024 Jun 15.

Detecting the provenance of price hike in agri-food supply chain using private Ethereum blockchain network

Maksuda Haider Sayma  1 , Md Rakib Hasan  1 , Mahmuda Khatun  2 , Alimul Rajee  1 , Amena Begum  1
Affiliations
Review

Detecting the provenance of price hike in agri-food supply chain using private Ethereum blockchain network

Maksuda Haider Sayma et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

The rise in the cost of essentials affects every nation around the world, but it has become a major concern for developing nations. It is getting increasingly difficult to keep up with rising prices for everyday items in these countries, where the majority of the population is from the middle class or lower middle class. Inflation, pandemics, wars, and other important variables all contribute to price increases. There may be another significant factor at play, which is supply-chain corruption. The supply chain's unreliable, chaotic, and opaque nature is to blame for this corruption. We are concentrating on the agri-food supply chain in our study. Because many of the current agri-food supply chains are intricate and challenging to monitor, dishonest parties can exploit the situation. Therefore, we suggested a thorough blockchain-based agri-food supply chain to identify the source of price increases. The private Ethereum blockchain was used in the suggested system. Since the private Ethereum blockchain is more efficient, safe, and fast, it was chosen. Smart contracts were created to describe the system and its underlying rules and laws. Furthermore, in order to showcase the usefulness of our smart contracts, we exhibited a sample decentralized application to support our hypothesis. We also gave the system a complete security and vulnerability assessment to make sure it is operating properly and is protected from threats and attacks. Due to the use of blockchain, the system is immutable, transparent, and simple to track and monitor. The proposed system has demonstrated greater transparency, traceability, reliability, speed, security, and cost-efficiency compared to conventional systems. It effectively traces the origin of corruption in the supply chain, providing a more straightforward means to tackle concerns related to price hikes.

Keywords: Agri-food; Blockchain; Decentralized application; Ethereum; IPFS; Price-hike; Smart contract; Supply chain; Traceable; Transparent.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow chart of the whole procedure.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Supply chain for potatoes in the study area.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Supply chain for eggplants in the study area.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Proposed agri-food supply chain.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
System model of the proposed agri-food supply chain.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Architecture diagram of the decentralized application.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Smart Contract functions and events.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Sequence diagram.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Visualization of gas consumption of smart contracts.
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
Potato production statistics from Fiscal Year (FY) 2015–2023 according to BBS and DAE.
Fig. 11
Fig. 11
Potato production and price hike (Source: The Business Standard).
Image 1
Image 2
Image 3
Image 4
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Ruan J., Cai Q., Jin S. Impact of COVID-19 and Nationwide lockdowns on vegetable prices: evidence from wholesale markets in China. Am. J. Agric. Econ. 2021;103(5):1574–1594. doi: 10.1111/ajae.12211. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sridhar A., Balakrishnan A., Jacob M.M., Sillanpää M., Dayanan- dan N. Global impact of COVID-19 on agriculture: role of sustainable agriculture and digital farming. Environ Sci Pollut Res, Mar. 2022 doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-19358-w. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Silvestre B.S., Monteiro M.S., Viana F.L.E., de Sousa-Filho J.M. Challenges for sustainable supply chain management: when stakeholder collaboration becomes conducive to corruption. J. Clean. Prod. Sep. 2018;194:766–776. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.127. - DOI
    1. S D.D., K. G Augmented system for food crops production in agricultural supply chain using blockchain technology. Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl. 2022;13(4) doi: 10.14569/IJACSA.2022.0130468. Art. no. 4, 30. - DOI
    1. Sabur S., Miah M.A., Begum M., Rahman M., Molla M. DE- mand, supply and reasons for price hike of potato in Bangladesh. The Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Economics. Jul. 2021;42:93–108.