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. 2024 May 31:17:2191-2198.
doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S467316. eCollection 2024.

Vitamin D Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary-Level Hospital in Antananarivo, Madagascar

Sitraka Angelo Raharinavalona  1 , Rija Eric Raherison  2 , Rija Mikhaël Miandrisoa  1 , Radonirina Lazasoa Andrianasolo  2 , Andrianirina Dave Patrick Rakotomalala  2
Affiliations

Vitamin D Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary-Level Hospital in Antananarivo, Madagascar

Sitraka Angelo Raharinavalona et al. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. .

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is already a major cardiovascular risk factor (CRF). Hypovitaminosis D is common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It also increases the cardiovascular risk of these subjects.

Objective: To determine the vitamin D status of Malagasy with T2DM seen at the Soavinandriana Hospital Center, and the association between hypovitaminosis D and CRF.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, carried out over a period of 2 years. Assayed by the chemiluminescence technique, vitamin D was "normal", "insufficient" and "deficient" if the 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma was ≥30 ng/mL, 20-29 ng/mL and ≤19 ng/mL, respectively. Hypovitaminosis D was the set of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency.

Results: Among the 318 T2DM, the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 66.0% (45.2% insufficiency and 20.8% deficiency). Their factors associated were age ≥70 years (OR = 2.15 [1.26-3.66]), glycated haemoglobin ≥7% (4.97 [2.97-8.39]), and retinopathy (OR = 4.15 [1.85-9.32]). After adjustment for age, Hb A1c ≥7% and retinopathy, hypovitaminosis D was associated with hypertension (OR = 8.77 [4.76-16.2]), dyslipidaemia (OR = 8.05 [3.98-14.5]), ex-smoking (OR = 6.07 [2.78-13.3]), microalbuminuria (OR = 2.95 [1.25-6.97]) and carotid atherosclerosis (OR = 2.96 [1.83-4.35]).

Conclusion: Hypovitaminosis D was common in T2DM. Its treatment is primarily preventive. It is also important to control associated CRF, diabetes and its complications.

Keywords: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; Madagascar; cardiovascular risk factors; hypovitaminosis D; type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

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