Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Placenta Previa: A Comprehensive Review of Evidence

Abstract

Placenta previa poses significant risks to maternal and perinatal health, yet its management remains challenging. This comprehensive review synthesizes current evidence on maternal and perinatal outcomes in placenta previa, addressing its epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management strategies. Placenta previa complicates pregnancies, with increasing incidence linked to factors such as advanced maternal age and rising cesarean rates. Maternal complications, including hemorrhage and placenta accreta spectrum disorders, pose substantial risks. At the same time, perinatal outcomes are marked by increased rates of preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Timely diagnosis and appropriate management, including antenatal corticosteroids and multidisciplinary care, are critical for optimizing outcomes. Future research should focus on improving diagnostic methods, evaluating novel interventions, and assessing long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. This review underscores the importance of informed clinical practice and ongoing research efforts to enhance outcomes for women and infants affected by placenta previa.

Keywords: complications; diagnosis; management strategies; maternal outcomes; perinatal outcomes; placenta previa.

Figure 1. Maternal complications associated with placenta previa

Figure credit: Dr. Shreya Sahu

Figure 2. Perinatal complications associated with placenta previa

Figure credit: Dr. Shreya Sahu