Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Case Reports
. 2024 Nov;39(11):3217-3219.
doi: 10.1007/s00467-024-06413-6. Epub 2024 Jun 6.

Allopurinol use leading to xanthine nephrolithiasis in pediatric tumor lysis syndrome: a case series

Shrea Goswami #  1 , Amy E Hanson #  2 , Evan Rajadhyaksha  1 , Pankaj P Dangle  3 , Andrew L Schwaderer  4
Affiliations
Case Reports

Allopurinol use leading to xanthine nephrolithiasis in pediatric tumor lysis syndrome: a case series

Shrea Goswami et al. Pediatr Nephrol. 2024 Nov.

Abstract

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a life-threatening metabolic disorder caused by massive tumor lysis. Allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, is initiated during chemotherapy to prevent hyperuricemia and subsequent acute kidney injury (AKI). We report two cases of xanthine nephrolithiasis during TLS in newly diagnosed hematologic malignancy patients receiving prophylactic allopurinol. Allopurinol use likely promoted xanthine crystallization, stone formation, and AKI.

Keywords: Acute kidney injury; Nephrolithiasis; Pediatrics; Tumor lysis syndrome; Xanthine oxidase inhibitors.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Cheuk DK, Chiang AK, Chan GC et al (2017) Urate oxidase for the prevention and treatment of tumour lysis syndrome in children with cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:Cd006945 - PubMed
    1. Arnaud M, Loiselle M, Vaganay C et al (2022) Tumor lysis syndrome and AKI: beyond crystal mechanisms. J Am Soc Nephrol 33:1154–1171 - DOI - PubMed - PMC
    1. Coiffier B, Altman A, Pui C et al (2008) Guidelines for the management of pediatric and adult tumor lysis syndrome: an evidence-based review. J Clin Oncol 26:2767–2778 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Larosa C, McMullen L, Bakdash S et al (2007) Acute renal failure from xanthine nephropathy during management of acute leukemia. Pediatr Nephrol 22:132–135 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Howard SC, Kaplan SC, Razzouk BI et al (2003) Urolithiasis in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 17:541–546 - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources