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. 2024 Nov;86(2):584-591.
doi: 10.1007/s12020-024-03910-4. Epub 2024 Jun 6.

The association between non-HDL cholesterol and high-grade pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms

Hao Zhou #  1 , Yong Zhu #  1 , Bin Qin  1 , Yongkang Liu  1 , Zhongqiu Wang  1 , Chuangen Guo  2 , Jianhua Wang  3 , Xiao Chen  4
Affiliations

The association between non-HDL cholesterol and high-grade pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms

Hao Zhou et al. Endocrine. 2024 Nov.

Abstract

Purpose: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) plays an important role in tumorigenesis in several endocrine-related cancers. Few studies have shown the effect of non-HDL-c in malignant tumors. The present study aimed to identify the association between non-HDL-c and high-grade pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs).

Methods: A total of 197 PNEN patients who underwent surgery were analyzed retrospectively. Clinical and histopathological features, such as patients' age and sex, tumor location and size, tumor grade, the level of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and fasting plasma-glucose levels were obtained. Non-HDL-c was calculated as total cholesterol - HDL-c. The relationships between those features and high-grade PNENs were identified using logistic regression analysis.

Results: Among the 197 patients with PNENs, a lower HDL-c level was more common seen in patients with poorly differentiated PNENs than in those with well-differentiated PNENs (P < 0.05). The non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio was greater in patients with poorly differentiated PNENs than in those with well-differentiated PNENs (P < 0.01). Similarly, a greater proportion of patients with a non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio larger than 5 was found in patients with poorly differentiated PNENs than in those with well-differentiation PNENs (P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio was positively associated with poorly differentiated PNENs (odds ratio (OR) = 1.45, 95% conference interval (CI):1.13-1.87). Similarly, the risk of poorly differentiated PNENs increased significantly in patients with a non-HDL-c/HDL-c greater than 5 (OR = 14.13, 95%CI: 2.98-66.89). The risk of high-grade PNENs increased in patients with a high non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.04-1.55), and the risk also increased markedly when the ratio was greater than 5 (OR = 5.00, 95%CI: 1.28-19.49).

Conclusions: A high ratio of non-HDL-c/HDL-c was associated with high-grade PNENs or poorly differentiated PNENs.

Keywords: Cholesterol; High-density lipoprotein; Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor; Poor differentiation; Tumor grade.

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