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Meta-Analysis
. 2024 Sep 1;110(9):5781-5794.
doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000001724.

Gut microbiome changes associated with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Jiaze Hong  1 , Yufan Fu, Xiaoqian Chen, Yurui Zhang, Xinyi Li, Tianhang Li, Yilin Liu, Mengke Fan, Rong Lin
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Gut microbiome changes associated with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Jiaze Hong et al. Int J Surg. .

Abstract

Background: The study of changes in the microbiome in chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) holds significant potential for developing noninvasive diagnostic tools as well as innovative interventions to alter the progression of diseases. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyze in detail the taxonomic and functional characteristics of the gut microbiome in patients with CP and PDAC.

Methods: Two researchers conducted a systematic search across public databases to gather all published research up to June 2023. Diversity and gut microbiota composition are the main outcomes the authors focus on.

Results: This meta-analysis included 14 studies, involving a total of 1511 individuals in the PDAC ( n =285), CP ( n =342), and control ( n =649) groups. Our results show a significant difference in the composition of gut microbiota between PDAC/CP patients compared to healthy controls (HC), as evidenced by a slight decrease in α-diversity, including Shannon (SMD=-0.33; P =0.002 and SMD=-0.59; P <0.001, respectively) and a statistically significant β-diversity ( P <0.05). The pooled results showed that at the phylum level, the proportion of Firmicutes was lower in PDAC and CP patients than in HC patients. At the genus level, more than two studies demonstrated that four genera were significantly increased in PDAC patients compared to HC (e.g. Escherichia-Shigella and Veillonella ). CP patients had an increase in four genera (e.g. Escherichia-Shigella and Klebsiella ) and a decrease in eight genera (e.g. Coprococcus and Bifidobacterium ) compared to HC. Functional/metabolomics results from various studies also showed differences between PDAC/CP patients and HC. In addition, this study found no significant differences in gut microbiota between PDAC and CP patients.

Conclusions: Current evidence suggests changes in gut microbiota is associated with PDAC/CP, commonly reflected by a reduction in beneficial species and an increase in the pathogenic species. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and explore therapeutic possibilities.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of selection.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plot of meta-analysis of the composition of gut microbiota at phylum level (pancreatic cancer versus healthy individuals).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Forest plot of meta-analysis of the composition of gut microbiota at phylum level (chronic pancreatitis versus healthy individuals).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Forest plot of meta-analysis of the composition of gut microbiota at the phylum level (chronic pancreatitis versus pancreatic cancer).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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