Isolated lateral radial head dislocation in a child: A case report and literature review

Abstract

Introduction: Radial head dislocations in children can result from congenital anomalies, traumatic events, or as part of more complex injuries like Monteggia fractures. These dislocations are rare and may be overlooked unless considered in differential diagnoses.

Case presentation: We describe a unique instance of a post-traumatic isolated lateral radial head dislocation in a 5-year-old boy with no previous medical concerns. The child presented with persistent pain and limited mobility in the left elbow following an unwitnessed fall at home. Diagnosis was confirmed via radiographs showing the dislocation without associated fractures. Closed reduction under anesthesia was successfully performed.

Clinical discussion: This case underscores the importance of a high index of suspicion and thorough imaging in diagnosing pediatric radial head dislocations. Our discussion includes a review of the literature and the clinical approach for managing such injuries, highlighting the specifics of the closed reduction technique used.

Conclusion: Isolated lateral radial head dislocations, although rare, can occur and are amenable to closed reduction. This case contributes to the limited reports of such dislocations in pediatric patients, emphasizing the need for awareness and precise management strategies to prevent long-term complications.

Keywords: Case report; Closed reduction; Pediatric; Radial head dislocation; Trauma.

Fig. 1

Photograph illustrating pronounced swelling and visible deformity of the left elbow post-traumatic injury.

Fig. 2

A, B, C: X-ray images of the left elbow in anteroposterior (A and C) and lateral (B) views displaying isolated lateral dislocation of the radial head, with integrity of the olecranon, coracoid, and supracondylar regions and no accompanying fractures of the radius and ulna with minimal overlying soft tissue swelling.

Fig. 3

Post-reduction fluoroscopy images of the left elbow in anteroposterior (A) and lateral (B) views showing correct alignment of the radial head with cast immobilization.