Diuretics use in the management of hypertension

Abstract

Diuretics have been used for decades in the treatment of hypertension. Its efficacy has been demonstrated in numerous clinical trials. It is well known that the reduction in cardiovascular risk is a consequence of the reduction in blood pressure levels regardless of the drug used, but thiazide diuretics continue to be first-line drugs, especially in low doses and combined with other drugs. The debate on the advantages of using chlorthalidone or hydrochlorothiazide continues, however hydrochlorothiazide is drug most used and for which there is greater availability. The association with potassium-sparing diuretics increases the effectiveness and reduces the adverse reactions of thiazides. A new group of drugs, close to potassium-sparing diuretics, that antagonise aldosterone synthase are showing promising results as antihypertensives. There are no significant differences between men and women regarding the antihypertensive effect of thiazide diuretics.

Keywords: Aldosterone synthase inhibitors; Antihypertensive drugs; Chlorthalidone; Clortalidona; Diuretics; Diuréticos; Diuréticos tiazídicos; Fármacos antihipertensivos; Hidroclorotiazida; Hydrochlorothiazide; Inhibidores de la aldosterona-sintasa; Thiazide diuretics.