A Rare Case of Rhabdosarcoma on the Upper Pole of the Kidney

Abstract

Rhabdomyosarcoma arising from the upper pole of the kidney is an exceedingly rare occurrence, with only a few documented cases reported in the literature. Here, we present a case of a one-year-old Indian male child diagnosed with rhabdomyosarcoma localized to the upper pole of the kidney. The patient presented with abdominal distension persisting for three days, and imaging studies revealed a mass consistent with renal sarcoma. Surgical excision was performed, followed by histopathological examination confirming the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma. Despite aggressive management, the patient's prognosis remains guarded due to the disease's aggressive nature. This case highlights the importance of considering rhabdomyosarcoma in the differential diagnosis of renal masses, particularly in atypical locations. Early diagnosis and a multimodal treatment approach are crucial for optimizing outcomes in such rare cases.

Keywords: multimodal treatment; pediatric renal tumors; renal rhabdomyosarcoma; rhabdomyosarcoma; surgical excision.

Figure 1. Computed tomography showing right renal mass

RMS: Rhabdomyosarcoma; CECT: Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography.