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. 2024 Aug 1;47(8):1395-1399.
doi: 10.2337/dc24-0335.

Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in Type 1 Diabetes Among Adults in the U.S

Peter Rossing  1   2 , Per-Henrik Groop  3   4   5   6 , Rakesh Singh  7 , Robert Lawatscheck  8 , Katherine R Tuttle  9
Affiliations

Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in Type 1 Diabetes Among Adults in the U.S

Peter Rossing et al. Diabetes Care. .

Abstract

Objective: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults ≥18 years of age with type 1 diabetes in the U.S. was determined using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data.

Research design and methods: A modified treatment-based algorithm applying a subset of NHANES diabetes questionnaires was used. The number of respondents with CKD and type 1 diabetes was weighted (extrapolated) to the U.S. population.

Results: Based on data between 2015 and 2018, type 1 diabetes was identified in 47 out of 19,225 adults with evaluable kidney function data. CKD was present in 20 out of 47 people identified with type 1 diabetes. The weighted estimate of CKD in type 1 diabetes was 21.5%, corresponding to 258,196 (95% CI 71,189-445,203) people in the U.S.

Conclusions: Applying a conservative approach in our study indicates that CKD is common in adults with type 1 diabetes in the U.S.

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Conflict of interest statement

Duality of Interest. P.R. reports personal fees from Bayer, research support and personal fees from AstraZeneca and Novo Nordisk, and personal fees from Astellas, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, MSD, Gilead, and Sanofi. All fees were given to Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen. P.-H.G. reports receiving lecture honoraria from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Elo Water, Medscape, MSD, Mundipharma, Nestlè, Novo Nordisk, PeerVoice, Sanofi, and SCIARC, and being an advisory board member of Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Medscape, MSD, Mundipharma, Nestlé, Novo Nordisk, PeerVoice, Sanofi, and SCIARC. R.S. is an employee of Bayer AG, USA, and/or may hold shares in the company. R.L. is an employee of Bayer AG, Germany. K.R.T. reports consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, and Travere, grant support from Bayer and Travere, and speaker fees from AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, and Novo Nordisk. No other potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Figure 1
Figure 1
Algorithm used to identify adult respondents with type 1 diabetes and CKD in NHANES (11). As part of the inclusion criteria, all respondents had to be ≥18 years old at the time of the interview. CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; T1D, type 1 diabetes; UACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Identification of respondents with CKD and type 1 diabetes. †NHANES sampling weights account for oversampling of specific populations, noncoverage, and nonresponse; therefore, this weighting (extrapolation) may be used to provide national estimates representative of the overall U.S. population. ‡Diabetes-related information was determined using NHANES questions (Q1: Other than during pregnancy, have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you have diabetes or sugar diabetes? Q40: How old were you when a doctor or other health professional first told you that you had diabetes or sugar diabetes? Q50: Are you now taking insulin? Q60: For how long have you been taking insulin? Q70: Are you now taking diabetic pills to lower your blood sugar? These are sometimes called oral agents or oral hypoglycemic agents). §Includes adults with laboratory data for eGFR and UACR. Respondents were required to meet the CKD definition based on the eGFR definition of eGFR ≤60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or UACR definition of UACR ≥30 mg/g. CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filatration rate; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Q, question; UACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Prevalence of T1D and CKD in the U.S. (weighted population). NHANES sampling weights account for oversampling of specific populations, noncoverage, and nonresponse; therefore, this weighting (extrapolation) may be used to provide national estimates representative of the overall U.S. population. CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; T1D, type 1 diabetes; UACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio.
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References

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