Pioneering nanomedicine in orthopedic treatment care: a review of current research and practices

Abstract

A developing use of nanotechnology in medicine involves using nanoparticles to administer drugs, genes, biologicals, or other materials to targeted cell types, such as cancer cells. In healthcare, nanotechnology has brought about revolutionary changes in the treatment of various medical and surgical conditions, including in orthopedic. Its clinical applications in surgery range from developing surgical instruments and suture materials to enhancing imaging techniques, targeted drug delivery, visualization methods, and wound healing procedures. Notably, nanotechnology plays a significant role in preventing, diagnosing, and treating orthopedic disorders, which is crucial for patients' functional rehabilitation. The integration of nanotechnology improves standards of patient care, fuels research endeavors, facilitates clinical trials, and eventually improves the patient's quality of life. Looking ahead, nanotechnology holds promise for achieving sustained success in numerous surgical disciplines, including orthopedic surgery, in the years to come. This review aims to focus on the application of nanotechnology in orthopedic surgery, highlighting the recent development and future perspective to bridge the bridge for clinical translation.

Keywords: bone regeneration; nanoparticle; nanotechnology; orthopaedic surgery; orthopedic.

FIGURE 1

Application of nanotechnology in the orthopedics (Boretto et al., 2023).

FIGURE 2

Cropped and histogram-equalized panoramic and periapical images demonstrate successful implant outcomes. Pre-processing steps, including cropping and histogram equalization, were applied to periapical and panoramic radiographs to optimize image contrast. Reproduced with permission from Zhang C. et al. (2023c).

FIGURE 3

Nanostructured implants may more closely resemble the setting of natural bone and encourage osseointegration of implants and surrounding osteogenesis than traditional grafts. This picture shows the topographical interaction between a nanoengineered graft surface and surrounding bone (Boretto et al., 2023).

FIGURE 4

Illustration depicting the challenges encountered in achieving thorough sterilization of biomaterials used in drug delivery. Reproduced with permission from Kunrath et al. (2023).

FIGURE 5

Application of various materials in bone repairs and regeneration (Aslankoohi et al., 2019).

FIGURE 6

SEM analysis of cell adhesion to distinct scaffolds. Both nanofibrous scaffold (A,C) and control film (B,D) supported cell adhesion. At increased magnification, a single cell is shown to be firmly affixed to and distributed across the electrospun nanofibers (C), with which it is intimately associated. Cells seeded on control films exhibited a lesser degree of dissemination (D). Comparable pictures were acquired from PCL-HA samples, PCL, and PCL-TCP samples. 10 m (A,B) or 2 m (C,D) for the bar (Polini et al., 2011).

FIGURE 7

(A) SEM images of an untreated selenium compact (SC). (B,C) SC treated with 1N NaOH for 10 min and 30 min, respectively. Reproduced with permission from Tran and Webster (2008).