Current and Future Effects of Climate Change on Airborne Allergens

Abstract

Purpose of review: Delineation of the impact of elevated carbon dioxide and concomitant global warming on airborne allergens is performed.

Recent findings: European tree pollen trends in general showed earlier start and end dates and increased total pollen release, with some differences both in locale and among species. Earlier flowering was also seen with grasses and weeds. In the case of some boreal trees, flowering was delayed due to a pre-seasonal requirement for necessary accumulated chilling temperature to achieve bud-set. Anthropogenic climate change induced rise in temperature and CO₂ levels has resulted in demonstrable increases in aeroallergens. This has been most dramatic in tree pollen annual load, but also seen with grasses and weeds. Collected data is greatest for the Northern Hemisphere, especially the European continent, with supporting data from North America and Australia.

Keywords: Allergen; Carbon dioxide; Climate change; Fungal spores; Pollen.