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. 2024 Jun 11;14(1):13410.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-62765-x.

Synthesis and characterization of flame retardant unsaturated polyester-allyloxysilane resin for wood coatings

Iman Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh  1   2 , Ahmad Poursattar Marjani  3 , Fatemeh Sadegh  4 , Mohammad Ebrahim Soltani  5 , Mohammad Safaeirad  6 , Marco Frediani  7
Affiliations

Synthesis and characterization of flame retardant unsaturated polyester-allyloxysilane resin for wood coatings

Iman Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Fireproof coatings are the simplest, most efficient, and oldest method for protecting a wide range of flammable products, such as wood. Furthermore, surface ignition is the initial phase, so surface protection is essential to reduce fire propagation. Furthermore, delaying the spread of flames can help to save someone when a fire starts. This project synthesized flame-resistant resin starting from tetraallyloxysilane monomer as a halogen-free monomer, an intrinsic flame retardant co-curing agent. The following step synthesized polyester resin using terephthalic acid as a heat-resistant resin. Unsaturated polyester was used by bulk radical polymerization. FT-IR and 1H-NMR analysis showed the successful synthesis of the desired monomer and polymeric compound. The thermal degradation and flame retardancy of pure unsaturated polyester resin (UPE) and allyloxysilane-unsaturated polyester (AUPE) were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG/DSC). The burning test and the thermal stability of the coating layers were evaluated using standard UL 94. Physical properties of resins were evaluated using Heat Deflection Temp tests (HDT) ISO 75-A, ASTM 648, Hardness ASTM D2583, Volumetric shrinkage ASTM 3521, and Water absorption ASTM D570. The results of the tests show the successful synthesis and their flame retardant properties.

Keywords: Flame retardant; Resin; Tetraallyloxysilane; Unsaturated polyester; Wood coatings.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Synthesis of tetraallyloxysilane (TAS).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Synthesis of unsaturated polyester resin (UPE).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Preparation of allyloxysilane-unsaturated polyester (AUPE).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Allyloxysilane-unsaturated polyester (AUPE) film.
Figure 5
Figure 5
FTIR spectra of TEOS (A), hydrolysis spectrum of TEOS (B), allyl chloride (C), and tetraallyloxysilane (D).
Figure 6
Figure 6
FTIR spectrum of synthesis unsaturated polyester resin (UPE).
Figure 7
Figure 7
1H-NMR spectrum of tetraallyloxysilane.
Figure 8
Figure 8
1H-NMR spectrum of unsaturated polyester resin (UPE).
Figure 9
Figure 9
The molecular weight curves of UPE (A), UPE I (B), and UPE II (C).
Figure 10
Figure 10
TGA/DTG of UPE, UPE II, AUPE II.
Figure 11
Figure 11
DSC curves of UPE, UPE I, and UPE II resins.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Flammability tests of AUPE and AUPE II.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Flammability of wood coated and not-coated with AUPE resin.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Flam destruction mechanism of wood coated with AUPE resin.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Schematic of the HDT measuring device.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Barkel hardness tester methods.
Figure 17
Figure 17
Volumetric shrinkage of AUPE II Resin.
Figure 18
Figure 18
Performance evaluation diagram of physical properties for films made by AUPE, AUPE I, and AUPE II.
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