Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 May 27:11:1415716.
doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1415716. eCollection 2024.

Modulation of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression and intestinal flora in broiler by deep eutectic solvent extracted polysaccharides of Acanthopanax senticosus

Jianqing Su #  1 , Jiaojiao Xue #  1 , Xueyan Wang  1 , Rui Zhang  1 , Xueping Zhang  1 , Yaosen Yang  1 , Xiuling Chu  1
Affiliations

Modulation of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression and intestinal flora in broiler by deep eutectic solvent extracted polysaccharides of Acanthopanax senticosus

Jianqing Su et al. Front Vet Sci. .

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this experiment was to investigate the modulation effect of Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharide (ASPS-PD) extracted with deep eutectic solvent on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in broilers and its modulation of the gut microbiota of broilers.

Methods: The 108 one-day-old broilers were divided into six groups, including the control group, the Cyclophosphamide (CY) model group, the ASPS-PD control group, the ASPA-PD high and low dose groups and the Astragalus polysaccharide group. Body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and immune organ index of broilers at 7, 14, and 21 days were determined; IL-2, IFN-γ, and lgG1 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); Broiler caeca feces were analyzed by amplification and 16S rRNA sequencing.

Results: The results showed that ASPS-PD can restore growth performance, increase immune organ index and improve serum cytokine levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ and immunoglobulin lgG1 levels in CY-treated broilers. The analysis of cecum flora showed that ASPS-PD can promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria and reduce the number of harmful bacteria, regulating intestinal flora.

Discussion: Therefore, ASPA-PD may be a potential novel immunomodulator to ameliorate CY-induced immunosuppression and intestinal flora dysregulation in broiler.

Keywords: 16S rRNA; Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharide; cyclophosphamide; gut microbiota; immune suppression.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effect on histomorphology of bursa of broiler.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect on the morphology of thymus tissue.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effect on the spleen histomorphology of broiler.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Analysis of the four experimental groups at the OTU level. (A) Wayne's plot; (B) bar chart of OTU species in each group.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Alpha diversity analysis. (A) Ace index; (B) Chao index; (C) Shannon index; (D) Simpson index.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Analysis of the β-diversity index. (A) Bray Curtis; (B) Weighted Unifrac.
Figure 7
Figure 7
NMDS and PCOA analyses. (A) NMDS score plot; (B) PCOA analysis plot.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Species accumulation at phylum level and genus level. (A) Species accumulation at the phylum level; (B) species accumulation at the genus level.
Figure 9
Figure 9
LEfSe analysis. (A) Distribution histogram based on LDA scores. LDA score (lg) > 4. (B) Cladogram.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Correlation analysis. (A) Correlation heatmap; (B) species antagonistic/synergistic relationship map.
Figure 11
Figure 11
KEGG analysis. (A) L1 level stacking plot; (B) L3 level clustering plot.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Significance of difference in KEGG at L3 level based on different scores at L1 level.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Alkie TN, Rautenschlein S. Infectious bursal disease virus in poultry: current status and future prospects. Vet Med. (2016) 7:9–18. 10.2147/VMRR.S68905 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kumar Y, Singh V, Kumar G, Gupta NK, Tahlan AK. Serovar diversity of Salmonella among poultry. Indian J Med Res. (2019) 150:92–5. 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1798_17 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Mayers J, Mansfield KL, Brown IH. The role of vaccination in risk mitigation and control of Newcastle disease in poultry. Vaccine. (2017) 35:5974–80. 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.09.008 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Jiang W, Hou G, Li J, Peng C, Wang S, Liu S, et al. . Prevalence of H7N9 subtype avian influenza viruses in poultry in China, 2013-2018. Transbound Emerg Dis. (2019) 66:1758–61. 10.1111/tbed.13183 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Zhao RH, Yang FX, Bai YC, Zhao JY, Hu M, Zhang XY, et al. . Research progress on the mechanisms underlying poultry immune regulation by plant polysaccharides. Front Vet Sci. (2023) 10:1175848. 10.3389/fvets.2023.1175848 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources